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Gault BIOL 251 Ch 27
Chapter 27: Microbial Ecology adn Microbiomes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Environmental microbiology | The study of microorganisms as they occur in their natural habitats |
| Abyssal zone | Deep-ocean trenches |
| Agroterrorism | The use of microbes or their toxins to destroy the food supply |
| Ammonification | Process in which amino groups released by deamination of amino acids are converted to ammonia |
| Anammox | Component of the nitrogen cycle in which ammonium is oxidized to nitrogen gas using nitrite as an electron acceptor |
| Benthic zone | Encompasses the deepest water and bottom sediments |
| Biodiversity | The number of species living within a given ecosystem |
| Biogeochemical cycles | Processes by which organisms convert elements from one form to another |
| Biomass | The mass of all organisms in an ecosystem. |
| Biomining | Process in which microbes oxidize metals so that they more readily dissolve in water |
| Bioremediation | The use of microorganisms to clean up toxic, hazardous, or recalcitrant compounds and degrade them to harmless forms |
| Biosphere | The region of Earth inhabited by all organisms |
| Bioterrorism | The use of microbes or their toxins as biological weapons |
| Carbon cycle | Involves the cycling of carbon in the form of organic molecules |
| Denitrification | A process in which microorganisms oxidize nitrate to gaseous nitrogen by anaerobic respiration |
| Ecosystems | All of the organisms living in a particular habitat and the relationship between the two |
| Eutrophication | The overgrowth of microorganisms in waterways resulting from runoff of phosphorus and nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers |
| Hydrothermal vents | Provide super-heated, nutrient-rich water to support chemoautotrophic growth |
| Limnetic zone | At the surface of the water away from the shore |
| Littoral zone | Area along the shoreline |
| Microbial ecology | The study of the interrelationships among microorganisms and the environment |
| Nitrification | A two-step process in which autotrophic bacteria oxidize ammonium ion to nitrate |
| Nitrogen cycle | Microbes cycle nitrogen atoms from dead organic materials and wastes to soluble forms for use by other organisms |
| Phosphorus cycle | The movement of phosphorus from insoluble to soluble forms for use by organisms |
| Populations | include all the members of a single species |
| Profundal zone | Area below the surface zone |
| Sulfur cycle | Microorganisms decompose dead organisms, releasing amino acids, which can be converted to hydrogen sulfide |
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