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Gault BIOL 251 CH 5
Chapter 5: Metabolism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Activation energy | The amount of energy needed to trigger a chemical reaction |
| Active site | Functional site of an enzyme |
| Aerobic respiration | Type of cellular respiration requiring oxygen atoms as final electron acceptors |
| Allosteric site | A binding site other than the active site of an enzyme |
| Amphibolic reactions | A reversible metabolic reaction |
| Anaerobic respiration | Type of cellular respiration not requiring oxygen atoms as final electron acceptors |
| Anabolic reaction | Synthesis of macromolecules, requires energy |
| Apoenzyme | The protein portion of protein enzymes that is inactive unless bound to one or more cofactors |
| ATP synthase | Enzyme that phosphorylates ATP in oxidative phosphorylation |
| Catabolism | All the decomposition reactions in an organism taken together |
| Cellular respiration | Metabolic process that involves the complete oxidation of substrate molecules and production of ATP via a series of redox reactions |
| Chemiosmosis | Use of ion gradients to generate ATP |
| Coenzyme | Organic cofactor |
| Cofactor | Inorganic ions or organic molecules that are essential for enzyme activity |
| Competitive inhibitor | Inhibitory substances that blocks enzyme activity by blocking active sites |
| Electron transport chain | Series of redox reactions that pass electrons from one membrane-bound carrier to another and then to a final electron acceptor |
| Energy | Capacity to do work |
| Entner-Doudoroff Pathway | Series of reactions that catabolize glucose to pyruvic acid using different enzymes from those used in either glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway |
| Enzyme | An organic catalyst |
| Feedback inhibition | Method of controlling the action of enzymes in which the end product of a series of reactions inhibits an enzyme in an earlier part of the pathway |
| Fermentation | The partial oxidation of sugar to release energy with organic molecules as the terminal electron acceptors |
| Holoenzyme | The combination of an apoenzyme and its cofactors |
| Krebs cycle | A series of eight enzymatically catalyzed reactions that that transfer stored energy from acetly-CoA to coenzymes NAD+ andd FAD |
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical reactions, both anabolic and catabolic, within an organism |
| Noncompetitive inhibitor | Inhibitory substances that blocks enzyme activity by binding to an allosteric site on the enzyme other than the active site |
| Pentose phosphate pathway | Enzymatic formation of phosphorylated pentose sugars from glucose-6-phosphate |
| Proton gradient | Electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions across a membrane |
| Ribozyme | RNA molecule functioning as an enzyme |
| Substrate | The molecule upon which an enzyme acts |
| Substrate-level phosphorylation | The transfer of phosphate to ADP from another phosphorylated organic molecule |
Created by:
rgault
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