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Anat and Phys U1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Respiratory System | Keeps body supplied with Oxygen; lungs, nasal, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx |
| Nervous system | Body’s control system; brain, spinal cord; nerves |
| Skeletal system | Supports the body; bones, cartilage; ligaments |
| Urinary system | Removes waste from blood; kidneys, urinary bladder |
| Reproductive system | Produces offspring; female: uterus, vagina, Fallopian tube, ovaries; male: penis, testes, seminal vesicles |
| Immune/lymphatic system | defense against diseases/fluid balance and cleanses blood; white blood cells/lymph nodes, lymph vessels |
| Muscular system | Contract/shortens; allows for movement; muscles |
| Integumentary system | External covering of the body, regulates body temperature; skin, hair, nails |
| Endocrine system | Secretes hormones; controls body activities; thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, testes |
| Digestive system | Digest foods in absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water; stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus |
| Cardiovascular system | Deliver substances and picks up waste; heart and blood vessels |
| Anatomy | To cut; refers to the structure. Dissection, autopsy, MRI, X-Ray, Body Parts |
| Physiology | To study nature/function; heartbeats, acidity, gas exchange |
| Levels of Organization | Atoms-Molecules-Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ Systems-Organisms |
| Protection, Support, Movement System Classification | Skeletal, muscular, integumentary |
| Regulation and integration system classification | Nervous, endocrine |
| Transport system classification | Cardiovascular, urinary, lymphatic, sort of respiratory |
| Absorption and excretion system classification | Respiratory, digestion, urinary |
| Reproduction, growth and development system classification | Reproductive |
| M2R2D2 | Maintain, Movement, Respond, Reproduce, Defend, Digest |
| Stimulus | The ability to adapt or change in the environment |
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical reactions |
| Locomotion | Ability to move fluid from one place to another |
| Survival Needs | Pressure (needed for fluid flow, gas exchange, and to breath), Temperature (specific temperature window for chemical reactions to take place), Oxygen (needed for chemical reactions), Water (fluid medium for occurrence of chemical reactions), Nutrients |
| Homeostasis | Drive to maintain internal environment; temperature, osmolarity, pH levels |
| Components of homeostasis | Receptor (response to stimulus), control center (monitors everything), effector (corrects imbalance) |
| Negative feedback loop | Corrects imbalance by doing the opposite; blood pressure, glucose level, electrolyte level, etc. |
| Positive feedback | Response enhances initial stimulus; blood clotting, childbirth, breast-feeding |
| Dorsal cavities | Protects the nervous system |
| Ventral cavities | Protects internal organs (viscera) |
| Cranial cavity | Part of dorsal cavity; houses the brain; protected by the skull |
| Vertebral cavity | Part of dorsal cavity; houses the spinal cord; protected by the vertebrae |
| Thoracic cavity | Part of the ventral cavity; cavities are superior to diaphragm; rib cage protects it |
| Left and right pleural (part of thoracic) | Contains lungs |
| Mediastinum (part of thoracic) | Central region; contains trachea, esophagus, thymus, and pericardial |
| Pericardial (part of thoracic) | Contains heart |
| Abdominal cavity | Part of ventral cavity; contains the liver, gallbladder, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen |
| Pelvic cavity | Part of ventral cavity; contains reproductive organs, bladder, rectum, appendix |
| Retroperitoneal | The region between dorsal and ventral cavities; pancreas, kidney, adrenals are located here |
| Synovial body cavity | Found around the joints |
| MOONS (Other Body Cavities) | Middle Ear (Ear), Orbital (eyes), Oral (Mouth), Nasal (Nose), Synovial (Joints), |
| Meninges | Dorsal membrane body cavity; protects the Central Nervous System |
| Serosa/Serous | Lines organs closed to outside; double layered; made up of visceral (directly line organs) and parietal (lines cavity wall) |
| Mucosa/Mucous | Located in body tracks; lines areas open to outside ( digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive tracts ) |
| Systematic Membranes | Located throughout the body |
| Cutaneous | Skin |
| Anterior | In front of |
| Posterior | Behind |
| Proximal (only for limbs) | Closer to the middle of the body |
| Distal (only for limbs) | Further from the middle of the body |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Lateral | Side to/by side |
| Medial | In the middle of the body |
| Contralateral | Opposite Sides |
| Ipsilateral | Same Sides |
| Superficial | Shallow, surface level cut |
| Deep | Cut that goes below surface |
| Sagittal | Left and right parts |
| Mid sagittal | Equal left and right parts |
| Parasagittal | Uneven left and right parts |
| Frontal/Coronal | Front and back |
| Transversal | Horizontal; top and bottom |
| Umbilicus | Center of the regional graph |
| Hypochondriac | Left/Right Upper part of the regional graph |
| Hypogastric | Lower center of the regional graph |
| Epigastric | Upper center of the regional graph |
| Ileum/iliac | Left/right lower part of the regional graph |
Created by:
lwf