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Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| control center of the cell; contains most of the DNA | nucleus |
| slipper-shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP) | mitochondria |
| puts the finishing touches on the protein and packages it for export from the cell | Golgi apparatus |
| structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm | nuclear membrane |
| sandpaper-like structure dotted with ribosomes; concerned with protein synthesis | rough endoplasmic reticum (RER) |
| long hairlike projection on the external surface of the cell membrane, such as the tail of the sperm | flagellum |
| consists of the cytosol and the organelles | cytoplasm |
| selectively permeable structure that separates intracellular material from extracellular material | cell membrane |
| short hairlike projections on the outer surface of the cell | cilia |
| digestive organelles that "clean house" within the cell | lysosomes |
| organelles that help maintain the shape of the cell and assist with the cell with movement | microtubules |
| gel-like part of the cytoplasm | cytosol |
| organelles that are either bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or are free in the cytoplasm; concerned with protein synthesis | ribosomes |
| type of endoplasmic reticulum concerned with the synthesis of lipids and steroids; does not contain ribosomes | smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) |
| rod-shaped structures that play a key role in cellular reproduction | centrioles |
| called the power plants of the cells | mitochondria |
| most commonly used transport mechanism | diffusion/facilitated diffusion |
| transport mechanism in which water diffuses from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water; solute cannot diffuse | osmosis |
| a pressure gradient is the driving force for this type of transport | filtration |
| transport mechanism that engulfs a solid particle by the cell membrane; a type of endocytosis | phagocytosis |
| transport mechanism that requires an input of energy to move molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration | active transport pump |
| movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | diffusion |
| passive transport mechanism in which glucose is helped across the cell membrane by a helper molecule | facilitated diffusion |
| intake of liquid droplets by the cell membrane; also called cellular drinking | pinocytosis |
| example of this transport mechanism is the swelling of a blood clot as water is pulled into the clot | osmosis |
| describe this type of transport mechanism: the blood pressure pushes water and dissolved solute out of the capillaries into the tissue spaces | filtration |
| a lysosome eats or ingests a bacterium | phagocytosis |
| a protein-containing vesicle within a cell fuses with the cell membrane and ejects the protein | exocytosis |
| transport mechanism needed to move additional potassium into the cell if the intracellular concentration of potassium is higher than the extracellular concentration of potassium | active transport pump |
| shrinking of red blood cells | crenation |
| bursting of red blood cells | hemolysis |
| solution that is more dilute than the inside of the cell | hypotonic |
| solution with the same concentration as the solution to which it is compared | isotonic |
| solution that is more concentrated than inside of the cell | hypertonic |
| solution that causes red blood cells to swell and burst | hypotonic |
| normal saline | isotonic |
| describes a 10% dextrose solution relative to plasma if a 5% dextrose solution is isotonic to plasma | hypertonic |
| describes pure water relative to plasma | hypotonic |
| M phase of the cell cycle | mitosis |
| ability of cancer cell to spread to distant sites | metastisis |
| consists of two phases: interphase and mitosis | cell cycle |
| cell that can specialize into another type, such as blood cell, nerve cell, muscle cell | stem cell |
| type of cell division involved in the body's growth and repair | mitosis |
| cells stop cycling when they enter this phase | G o |
| includes G1, S, G2, and M | cell cycle |
| undifferentiated or unspecialized cell | stem cell |
| replication of DNA occurs in this phase of the cell cycle | interphase |
| type of cell division that occurs in sex cells | meiosis |
| a drug is labeled cell cycle M phase-specific; affects this phase of the cell cycle | mitosis |
| phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase | mitosis |
| malignant neoplasm | cancer |
Created by:
caitcarlson
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