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Anxiety and crisis

Anxiety crisis and disorders By Lucy

QuestionAnswer
Crisis A sudden event in one's life that disturbs homeostasis, during which usual coping mechanisms cannot resolve the problem.
Characteristics of A Crisis Crisis are precipitatewd by specific identifiable events, personal by nature, are acute, not chronic, and resolved within a brief period, and has potential for psychological growth or deterioration.
Phases in the Development of a Crisis Exposure to a precipitating stressor, previous problem and solving techniques, internal and external resources to resolve the problem, major disorganization of the individual, a crisis is experienced in response to a stressful situation.
Types of Crises Maturational, situational, and adventitious.
Maturational (Developmental) Crisis Predictable times of stress in everyone's life which occurs in response to a transition from one stage to another in the life cycle.
Situational Crisis Occurs in response to a sudden unexpected event in a person's life. Critical life events revolve around experiences of grief and loss.
Adventitious Crisis Unplanned and accidental resulting in traumatic experiences.
Assessment of a Patient with a Crisis Their perception of the event, coping mechanisms, support systems, mental status, previous history, identify patient's strengths.
Anxiety Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension or fear. The source of the uneasiness is not always known or recognized, which can add to the distress you feel. Anxiety disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions that involve excessive anxiety.
How much is too much? When anxiety is our proportion to the situation that is creating it. When anxiety interferes with social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Types of Anxiety Disorders Panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Panic Disorder Characterized by recurrent panic attacks, the onset of which are unpredictable and manifested by intense apprehension, fear, or terror, and accompanied by intense physical discomfort.
Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia In addition to the same characteristics of panic disorder, the individual experiences a fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available in the event that a panic attack should occur.
Types of Panic Attacks Unexpected, Situational, and Situationally predisposed.
Unexpected Panic Attack The attack "Comes out of the Blue" without warning and for not discernable reason.
Situational Panic Attack Situations in which an individual always has an attack, for example, upon entering a tunnel.
Situationally Predisposed Panic Attack Situations in which an individual is likely to have a panic attack, but doesn't always have one. Example of this would be an individual who sometimes has attacks while driving.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Excessive uncontrollable worry about everyday things. This constant worry affects daily functioning and can cause physical symptoms. GAD can occur with other anxiety disorders, depressive disorder, or substance abuse.
Predisposing factors to panic and GAD Psychodynamic theory, cognitive theory, biological aspects, and transactional model of stress adaptation.
Psychodynamic Theory of GAD Ego unable to intervene between id and superego. Overuse or ineffective use of ego defense mechanisms results in maladaptive responses to anxiety.
Cognitive Theory of GAD Faulty, distorted, or counterproductive thinking patterns accompany or precede maladaptive behaviors and emotional disorders.
Biological Aspects of GAD Genetics, neuroanatomical, biochemical, neurochemical, and medical conditions.
Transactional Model of Stress Adaptation of GAD Most likely caused by multiple factors.
Agoraphobia Fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available of a limited-symptom attack or panic like symptoms should occur.
Social Phobia Excessive fear of situations in which the affected person might do something embarrassing or be evaluated negatively by others.
Predisposing Factors to Phobias Psychoanalytical theory, learning theory, cognitive theory, biological aspects, life experiences, and transactional model of stress/adaptation.
Psychoanalytical Theory of Phobias Uncoinscious fears may be expressed in a symbolic manner as phobia.
Learning Theory of Phobias Fears are conditioned responses and thus are learned by imposing rewards for appropriate behaviors.
Cognitive Theory of Phobias Anxiety is the product of faulty cognitions or anxiety-inducing self-instructions (negative self-statements and irrational beliefs).
Biological Aspects of Phobias Temperament: Characteristics with which one is born that influence how he/she responds throughout life to specific situations (e.g., innate fears).
Life Experiences Of Phobias Early experiences may set the stage for phobic reactions later in life.
Transactional Model of Stress/Adaptation of Phobias Etiology of phobic disorders is most likely influenced by multiple factors.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Characterized by uncontrollable obsessions and compulsions which the sufferer usually recognizes as being excessive or unreasonable. Examples: contamination, persistent doubts, orderliness, aggressive thoughts.
Obsessions Unwanted, intrusive, persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that cause marked anxiety or distress.
Compulsions Unwanted repetitive behavior patterns or mental acts that are intended to reduce anxiety, not to provide pleasure or gratification. performance of these rituals neutralize the anxiety caused by the obsessive thoughts; relief is only temporary.
Predisposing Factors to OCD Psychoanalytical theory, learning theory, biological aspects, neuroanatomy, physiology, biochemical, and transactional model of stress adaptation.
Psychoianalytical Theory of OCD Clients with OCD have weak, underdeveloped egos. Aggressive impulses are channeled into thoughts and behaviors that prevent the feelings of aggressions from surfacing therefore producing intense anxiety fraught with guilt.
Learning Theory of OCD conditioned response to a traumatic event, passive avoidance, and active avoidance.
Biological Aspects of OCD neurobiological disturbances may play a role.
Neuranatomy of OCD Abnormalities in various regions of the brain have been implicated in the neurobiology of OCD.
Physiology of OCD Electrophysiological, sleep electroencephalogram, and neuroendocrine studies have suggested that there are commonalities between depressive disorders and OCD.
Biochemical of OCD The neurotransmitter serotonin may be influential in the etiology of OCD.
Transactional Model of Stress Adaptation of OCD The etiology of OCD is most likely influenced by multiple factors.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving a personal threat to physical integrity or to the physical integrity of others.
Symptoms of PTSD Reexperiencing the event, avoidance of behavior in which the sufferer avoids activities, a general numbness, and hypersensitivity.
Predisposing Factors of PTSD The traumatic experience, the individual, the recovery environment, learning theory, cognitive theory, and biological aspects.
The Traumatic Experience of PTSD Exposure to death, numbers affected by life threat, extent of control over recurrence, and location where trauma was experienced.
The Individual of PTSD Degree of ego-strength, effectiveness of coping resources, presence of preexisting psychopathology, outcomes of previous experiences with stress/trauma, behavioral tendencies, current psychosocial developmental stage, and demographic factors.
The Recovery Environment of PTSD Availability of socail supports, cohesiveness and protectiveness of family and friends, attitudes of society regarding the experience, and cultural and subcultural influences.
Learning Theory of PTSD Negative reinforcement as behavior that leads to a reduction in an aversive experience, thereby reinforcing and resulting in repetition of the behavior, avoidance behaviors, and psychic numbing.
Cognitive Theory of PTSD A person is vulnerable to PTSD when fundamental beliefs are invalidated by experiencing trauma that cannot be comprehended and when a sense of helplessness and hopelessness prevail.
Biological Aspects of PTSD It has been suggested that a person who has experienced previous trauma is more likely to develop symptoms after a stressful life event. Disregulation of the opioid, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, sertonergic, and neuroendocrine pathways.
Interventions for Anxiety Disorders Maintaining anxiety at manageable level, problem-solving to increase client's level of personal control, helping the client learn to function, assisting the client to overcome fears.
Interventions of OCD Helping the client learn new, more adaptive coping strategies, helping the client gain independence and greater control over life situations.
Interventions for PTSD Integrating of the trauma into his or her personal life, renewing significant relationships, establishing meaningful goals for the future, progressing through the grief process, and developing a sense of optimism and hope for the future.
Treatment Modalities Individual psychotherapy, behavior therapy, and group/family therapy.
Psychopharmacology for panic and GAD Anxiolytics and antidepressants
Psychopharmacology for Phobic Disorders Anxiolytics and antidepressants
Psychopharmacology for OCD Antidepressants
Psychopharmacology for PTSD Antidepressants, anxiolytics, antihypertensives, and others.
Vitamins B vit.:Stabilize the body's lactate levels which causes anxiety.Calcium & magnesium:relax the nervous system. Vit.C:taken in large doses also has a tranquilizing effect. Potassium:helps with proper functioning of adrenal glands. Zinc:has a calming effect.
Created by: tiniekittie12
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