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Nature of Matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | word used to cover all substances and materials from which the universe is composed. |
| Fluids | describes liquids and gases since they flow easily due to their particle arrangement. |
| compressible | meaning the volume can be reduced by an application of pressure |
| kinetic | movement |
| melting point | the temperature when a solid turns into a liquid due to the increase in energy |
| evaporation | when particles escape from the liquid surface to the surrounding atmosphere and become a vapour |
| volatile | a liquid which evaporates easily and has low boiling points |
| boiling point | the fixed temperature when a vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, and hence the liquid will boil. |
| reflux | when evaporation and condensation take place a number of times simultaneously |
| melting | the change when a solid is heated and changes to a liquid |
| freezing | the change when a liquid is cooled to a solid |
| condensation | the change of the vapour or gas into a liquid when cooled. This takes place over a range of temperatures |
| boiling | the temperature at which a pure liquid changes into a gas is the boiling point. |
| sublimation | when substances change from a solid directly into a gas when heated, without passing through the liquid stage and vice versa |
| examples of gases that sublime | iodine, ammonium chloride and dry ice |
| diffusion | the way particles in the substance spread out to occupy all the space available to them, from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| density | the mass of particles in a solid, liquid or gas for a given volume of that solid, liquid or gas. |