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11.1-11.2
Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the only way to conserve minerals | conservation |
| used in moderation | conserve |
| using materials over again | recycling |
| materials that are recycled | aluminum, iron, copper |
| minerals that have been identified by scientists | 2,000 |
| supply is limited and cannot be replaced | nonrenewable resource |
| the renewable resources | air, water, and plants |
| name the metals | gold, silver, and aluminum |
| name the nonmetals | sulfer and quartz |
| _____ are dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity. | nonmetals |
| _______ and ________ are found in earth's crust as native uncombined elements. | silver, copper |
| deposits of minerals from which metals and nonmetals come from | ores |
| Iron is obtained from ___________ and __________ ores. | magnetite and hematite |
| __________ separates from cinnabar and ____________ can be separated from _____. | Mercury,aluminum,bauxite |
| _____,_____,and ________ can be formed from cooling magma. | chromium, nickel, iron |
| __________ sink into the body of magma. | dense metallic minerals |
| __________ form through contact metamorphism. | lead, copper, and zinc |
| Contact metamorpism depends on: | temperature of magma, pressure, permeability, and composition |
| narrow fingerlike bands are | veins |
| large number of thick mineral veins form a deposit | lode |
| ______ helps form ore deposits. | movement of water |
| cocentrated layers in the bottom of stream beds | placer deposits |
| name some metals that are known for their beauty and rarity | gold, silver, platinum |
| rare minerals that display extraordinary brilliance and color when specially cut | gemstones |
| name two things used in building materials | limestone and clay |
| ______ preserves mineral sources | conservation |
| substitutes of mineral sources | plastics |
| 3 ways minerals form | 1. cooling magma 2. contact metamorphism 3. moving water |
| Water forms ore deposits in 2 ways: | 1.When stream currents weaken dissolved material settles to the bottom to form ores2. material dissolves in water and mixes to form a solution when water evaporates a new material is formed |
| re | again |
| source | beginning |
| the fossil fuels: | coal, petroleum, and natural gas |
| formed from the remains of living things- buried beneath the earth | fossil fuels |
| Fossil fuels consist of ____________ and ___. | compounds of carbon; hydrogen |
| the only way to conserve minerals | conservation |
| used in moderation | conserve |
| using materials over again | recycling |
| materials that are recycled | aluminum, iron, copper |
| minerals that have been identified by scientists | 2,000 |
| supply is limited and cannot be replaced | nonrenewable resource |
| the renewable resources | air, water, and plants |
| name the metals | gold, silver, and aluminum |
| name the nonmetals | sulfer and quartz |
| _____ are dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity. | nonmetals |
| _______ and ________ are found in earth's crust as native uncombined elements. | silver, copper |
| deposits of minerals from which metals and nonmetals come from | ores |
| Iron is obtained from ___________ and __________ ores. | magnetite and hematite |
| __________ separates from cinnabar and ____________ can be separated from _____. | Mercury,aluminum,bauxite |
| _____,_____,and ________ can be formed from cooling magma. | chromium, nickel, iron |
| __________ sink into the body of magma. | dense metallic minerals |
| __________ form through contact metamorphism. | lead, copper, and zinc |
| Contact metamorpism depends on: | temperature of magma, pressure, permeability, and composition |
| narrow fingerlike bands are | veins |
| large number of thick mineral veins form a deposit | lode |
| ______ helps form ore deposits. | movement of water |
| cocentrated layers in the bottom of stream beds | placer deposits |
| name some metals that are known for their beauty and rarity | gold, silver, platinum |
| rare minerals that display extraordinary brilliance and color when specially cut | gemstones |
| name two things used in building materials | limestone and clay |
| ______ preserves mineral sources | conservation |
| substitutes of mineral sources | plastics |
| 3 ways minerals form | 1. cooling magma 2. contact metamorphism 3. moving water |
| Water forms ore deposits in 2 ways: | 1.When stream currents weaken dissolved material settles to the bottom to form ores2. material dissolves in water and mixes to form a solution when water evaporates a new material is formed |
| re | again |
| source | beginning |
| the fossil fuels: | coal, petroleum, and natural gas |
| formed from the remains of living things- buried beneath the earth | fossil fuels |
| Fossil fuels consist of ____________ and ___. | compounds of carbon; hydrogen |
| contain energy originally obtained from sunlight by plant and animals that lived millions of years ago | hydrocarbons |
| Hydrocarbons use energy in the form of ____ and ______. | heat; light |
| dark colored organic rock | coal |
| __________ produced coal. | Giant ferns |
| ____________ partially decompose the remains and coal forms. | Dead plants and animals |
| ____________ retains untapped mineral sources. | the ocean |
| Vast coal deposits are | remains of plants that have undergone catbonization |
| partially decomposed plants and trees that aer buried in swamp water. | carboniztation |
| Marsh gases: | Methane, water vapor, and carbon dioxide |
| Describe peat: | a brownish- black material produce by partial decompostion of a plant |
| Describe lignite: | brown coal; |
| Derscribe bituminous coal: | soft coal; most abundant |
| Describe anthracite: | hardest form of coal |
| ____________ and _____________ ( types of coal) consist of ________ percent carbon and produce _______ when burned. | Bituminous and anthracite ;80-90%; heat |
| 2 isotopes of uranium are used in __________. | nuclear reactors |
| mixtures of hdrocarbons produce _____ and ________. | petroleum ; natural gas |
| name the microorganisms in the oceans: | phytaplankton and zooplankton |
| consists of liquid hydrocarbons | petroleum |
| another name for petroleum | crude oil |
| _______ and ______ consist of liquid and mixtures of hydrocarbons and also formed from microorganisms that live in the oceans. | petroleum and natural gas |
| 3 forms of hydrocarbons: | solid- coal, liquid- petroleum, gas- natural gas |
| liquids can flow easily through rock | permeable |
| liquid does not flow easily through rock | impermeable rock |
| full of holes | porous |
| shale | impermeable |
| impermeable rock that has capped off decomposing animals | cap rock |
| name a native element | gold |
| minerals form over _______ years. | billions of |
| Sediments are deposited on streambeds when currents _____. | become weaker |
| ____________ changes rock | contact metamorphism |
| ______ is needed to decompose a substance. | oxygen |
| ________ occurs when a substance partially decomposes | carbonization |
| _______ helps decompose plant material | bacteria |
| Name the 4 stages of coal | peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite |
| What substance is 100% carbon | diamonds |
| formed from the carbonization of hydrocarbons | petroleum and natural gas |
| cause the petroleum and natural gas to go to the earth's surface | pressure |
| contain energy originally obtained from sunlight by plant and animals that lived millions of years ago | hydrocarbons |
| Hydrocarbons use energy in the form of ____ and ______. | heat; light |
| dark colored organic rock | coal |
| __________ produced coal. | Giant ferns |
| ____________ partially decompose the remains and coal forms. | Dead plants and animals |
| ____________ retains untapped mineral sources. | the ocean |
| Vast coal deposits are | remains of plants that have undergone catbonization |
| partially decomposed plants and trees that aer buried in swamp water. | carboniztation |
| Marsh gases: | Methane, water vapor, and carbon dioxide |
| Describe peat: | a brownish- black material produce by partial decompostion of a plant |
| Describe lignite: | brown coal; |
| Derscribe bituminous coal: | soft coal; most abundant |
| Describe anthracite: | hardest form of coal |
| ____________ and _____________ ( types of coal) consist of ________ percent carbon and produce _______ when burned. | Bituminous and anthracite ;80-90%; heat |
| 2 isotopes of uranium are used in __________. | nuclear reactors |
| mixtures of hdrocarbons produce _____ and ________. | petroleum ; natural gas |
| name the microorganisms in the oceans: | phytaplankton and zooplankton |
| consists of liquid hydrocarbons | petroleum |
| another name for petroleum | crude oil |
| _______ and ______ consist of liquid and mixtures of hydrocarbons and also formed from microorganisms that live in the oceans. | petroleum and natural gas |
| 3 forms of hydrocarbons: | solid- coal, liquid- petroleum, gas- natural gas |
| liquids can flow easily through rock | permeable |
| liquid does not flow easily through rock | impermeable rock |
| full of holes | porous |
| shale | impermeable |
| impermeable rock that has capped off decomposing animals | cap rock |
| name a native element | gold |
| minerals form over _______ years. | billions of |
| Sediments are deposited on streambeds when currents _____. | become weaker |
| ____________ changes rock | contact metamorphism |
| ______ is needed to decompose a substance. | oxygen |
| ________ occurs when a substance partially decomposes | carbonization |
| _______ helps decompose plant material | bacteria |
| Name the 4 stages of coal | peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite |
| What substance is 100% carbon | diamonds |
| formed from the carbonization of hydrocarbons | petroleum and natural gas |
| cause the petroleum and natural gas to go to the earth's surface when a drill punctures an oil pool | pressure |
| main source of energy for industries | fossil fuels |
| _____ is the main fossil fuel burned to produce electricity. | Coal |
| ____ is the most abundant fossil fuel. | Coal |
| undiscovered petroleum deposits in North America | ocean floor along the edges of North America |
| _____% of petroleum is still underground | 90 |
| most common method of removing coal | strip mining |
| Strip mining is bad for the enviroment because | leaves deep trenches which traps acids made by coal |
| number of products made by petrochemicals | 3,000 |
| ____ of all coal deposits are found in U.s , soviet union, and china. | 2/3 |
| coal could be used in _ years | 200 |
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