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Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is biology? | The scientific study of life |
| Which functions are a properly of life? | Organisms exhibit complex but ordered organization, take in energy and use it to perform all of its activities and reproduce their own kind |
| Which substance is NOT recycled but rather is lost from ecosystems? | energy |
| what is science? | The inquiry based effort to describe and explain nature |
| What is a hypothesis? | A proposed explanation for a set of observations |
| What is an example of a prediction if you start your car and it won’t start? | If I recharge the battery, then my car will start |
| What are autotrophs? | Organisms that convert the suns energy into chemical energy |
| What are the different levels of life from simple to most complex | Molecules and atoms, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biosphere |
| What are prokaryotes? | Organism with no organelles, no nucleus, has ribosomes, and is bound by a plasma membrane |
| What is an example of an element ? | A Nitrogen |
| What is an example of a community? | Squirrels climbing trees, rabbits eating grass, and birds singing on a fence |
| What is found Inside an atoms nucleus? | Neutrons and protons |
| How do we determine how much protons, neutrons and electrons an atom has? | Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons we can determine this by the atomic number, neutrons are determined by finding the difference between the atomic mass and the number of protons |
| What are isotopes of an element? | They have the same number of protons and different numbers or neutrons |
| What is an ion? | An atom with an electrical charge |
| What are covalent bonds? | The bond involves the Sharing of electrons |
| Why is water considered a polar molecule? | The oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge |
| How do water molecules interact with one another? | through hydrogen bonds |
| What is the solvent, solute, and solution of a sweetened coffee ? | Coffee is the solvent, sugar is the solute, and sweetened coffee is the solution |
| What is it called when you add water to a reaction ? | Hydrolysis |
| What does a monosaccharides + a monosaccharides make? | A disaccharide |
| How is starch used? | Plants use it an as an energy-storing carbohydrate |
| A fat contains which molecular components? | Three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule |
| How are saturated fats saturated? | With hydrogen |
| What type of fatty acids have double bonds? | Unsaturated |
| What are enzymes ? | Proteins |
| What do amino acids includ? | A side group, a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, an a carboxyl group |
| What are Nucleic acids ? | Polymers or nucleotide monomers |
| What is the cytoplasm? | The region that surrounds organelles but no found inside the nucleus |
| Why do phospholipids spontaneously form membranes when mixed with water? | Because they have a hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water |
| What is the nuclear envelope composed of? | A double membrane |
| Where does protein synthesis take place? | On ribosomes |
| What does mRNA do? | Transfer information from the nucleus to ribosomes |
| What does the endomembrane system include ? | Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? | Protein modification |
| What are vacuoles? | Membranous sacs |
| How can cellular respiration be described? | The conversion of the energy stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP |
| How can energy be defined as? | The capacity to cause change |
| What does the principle of conversion of energy state? | Energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? | ATP |
| How does ATP energize other molecules in cells? | By transferring a phosphate group to those molecules |
| How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction? | By decreasing activation energy |
| How much percent of energy stored in food do humans convert for useful work? | 34% |
| What is diffusion an example of? | Passive transport |
| What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution? | Become turgid |
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itzy