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Ch 15 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are microorganisms? | Tiny organisms , usually could live in or on your body |
| What are prokaryotes? | They lack true nuclei, evolved 3.5 billion years ago, cause about half of all human diseases, found wherever life is |
| What are eukaryotes? | composed of one or more cells that contain nuclei and many other membrane-bound organelles that aren’t in prokaryotes |
| What are the four stages of the origin of life? | creation of small organic molecules like amino acids, combining small molecules into macromolecules , coming the macromolecules into pre-cells, and self-replication |
| What are ribozymes? | RNAs that act as enzymes |
| What is transcription vs translation? | DNA in cells is transcribed into RNA and then translated to produce specific enzymes and other proteins |
| What is microbiota? | community of microorganisms that live in and on our bodies, help supply important vitamins , decompose dead material |
| What are the three common types of shapes of prokaryotes ? | Spherical called cocci, rod-shaped called bacilli, and spiral and curved including spirochete |
| What are biofilms? | Highly organized colonies of prokaryotes attaches to surfaces |
| What is binary fission ? | How prokaryotes reproduce by dividing in half |
| What are endospores? | thick-coated, protective cells produced within the prokaryotic cell that can survive trauma and extreme temperatures (harsh environments) |
| How can prokaryotes produce energy? | Using ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, they don’t necessarily need oxygen to produce energy |
| What is symbiosis ? | “Living together “ species live together and help each other out |
| What is nitrogen fixation? | The process of converting nitrogen into a form that is usable for plants, prokaryotes can help doing this |
| What are the three domains ? | Bacteria (prokaryote), Archea ( prokaryote), an Eukarya ( eukaryote) |
| Where do archea live ? | In many habitats including those where few organisms can survive such as the digestive tract of animals and at the bottom of lakes |
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