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Ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does DNA do? | It has the capacity to store genetic information, copy it, and pass it from generation to generation |
| What are nucleotides ? | Long chains ( polymers) of chemical units ( monomers) |
| What is a polynucleotide? | A nucleotide polymer |
| How are nucleotides joined together? | covalent bonds |
| what does each nucleotide consist of? | A nitrogenous base, a sugar, a phosphate |
| What shape is the DNA? | a double helix |
| what bases pair together ? | A pairs with T, and G pairs with C |
| Who discovered the DNA model? | Watson and Crick, Rosalind Franklin helped |
| What is DNA polymerase ? | an enzyme that helps repair DNA that is damaged |
| What is transcription? | What transfers genetic information from DNA. to RNA |
| What is genetic code? | converts a nucleotide in RNA to an amino acid |
| What is translation? | transfers information from RNA into a polypeptide (protein strand). |
| what is promoter | The start transcribing signal is a nucleotide sequence |
| what happens in the cells of prokaryotes ? ( mRNA) | RNA is transcribed from a gene immediately functions as mRNA |
| where are the coding regions | The coding regions are in the exon |
| RNA splicing is what | Plays a significant role in humans allowing 21 k genes to produce poly peptides |
| What is tRNA | the translation of the message in mRNA not the amino acid language of proteins |
| what is anticodon | a special triplet of bases |
| what is ribosomal RNA | one of the two subunits in the ribosome |
| Initiation has how many steps ? | two steps , special initiate tRNA binds to the start codon and a large ribosomal subunit binds to the small one |
| elongation continues until when ? | a stop code races the ribosomes A site |
| what is mutation ? | Any change in the nucleotide sequence of a cell |
| what are mutagens ? | physical and chemical agents that occur because of a mutation |
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itzy
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