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Ch 10
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What does DNA do? | It has the capacity to store genetic information, copy it, and pass it from generation to generation |
What are nucleotides ? | Long chains ( polymers) of chemical units ( monomers) |
What is a polynucleotide? | A nucleotide polymer |
How are nucleotides joined together? | covalent bonds |
what does each nucleotide consist of? | A nitrogenous base, a sugar, a phosphate |
What shape is the DNA? | a double helix |
what bases pair together ? | A pairs with T, and G pairs with C |
Who discovered the DNA model? | Watson and Crick, Rosalind Franklin helped |
What is DNA polymerase ? | an enzyme that helps repair DNA that is damaged |
What is transcription? | What transfers genetic information from DNA. to RNA |
What is genetic code? | converts a nucleotide in RNA to an amino acid |
What is translation? | transfers information from RNA into a polypeptide (protein strand). |
what is promoter | The start transcribing signal is a nucleotide sequence |
what happens in the cells of prokaryotes ? ( mRNA) | RNA is transcribed from a gene immediately functions as mRNA |
where are the coding regions | The coding regions are in the exon |
RNA splicing is what | Plays a significant role in humans allowing 21 k genes to produce poly peptides |
What is tRNA | the translation of the message in mRNA not the amino acid language of proteins |
what is anticodon | a special triplet of bases |
what is ribosomal RNA | one of the two subunits in the ribosome |
Initiation has how many steps ? | two steps , special initiate tRNA binds to the start codon and a large ribosomal subunit binds to the small one |
elongation continues until when ? | a stop code races the ribosomes A site |
what is mutation ? | Any change in the nucleotide sequence of a cell |
what are mutagens ? | physical and chemical agents that occur because of a mutation |