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ch 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is speciation? | the process in which one species splits into two or more species |
| what are species ? | a group of populations whose members have the potential to inbreed with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring |
| what is a reproductive barrier? | anything that prevents individuals of closely related species from interbreeding |
| What is a prezygotic barrier ( definition)? | prevention of mating or fertilization between species |
| how can postzygotic barriers even happen? | only operate if interspecies mating occurs and hybrid zygotes forms |
| what are examples of prezygotic barriers ? | temporal isolation- species are active different seasons . habitat isolation- species live in different places . behavioral isolation- they act differently. gametic isolation- sex cells are impossible to form a zygote. |
| what are examples post zygotic barriers? | reduced hybrid viability - low chance of hybrid staying alive. reduced hybrid fertility- low chance of hybrid reproducing offspring |
| How can species form? | by allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation |
| What is allopathic speciation? | The initial block of gene flow is a geographic barrier, new species arise from two different geographic locations |
| What is sympatric speciation? | No geographic isolation, new species arises within the same geographic area as its parent species |
| What is polyploidy? | Can reduce gene flow in sympatric populations, it’s a process in which species arise from an accident during cell division that results in an extra set of chromosomes, habitat complexity, and sexual selection |
| Where does the evidence for evolution come from? | Fossil records |
| What is macroevolution? | Evolutionary change above the species level and includes the impact of mass extinction on the diversity of life and the origins of key adaptations |
| What is the geologic time scale? | It divides Earths history into a consistent sequence of geologic periods |
| What is radiometric dating? | A method based on the decay of radioactive isotopes to learn the ages of rocks and fossils |
| What does the theory of plate tectonics state? | The continents and sea floors form a thin outer layer of solid rock, the crust, divided into a giant irregular shaped plates that float atop the mantle, a mass of hot material |
| What is the process of continental drift? | Movements in the mantle that cause the plates to move , creates diversity in life |
| What is biogeography? | The study of the past and present distribution of organisms |
| What are exaptations? | Structures that evolve in one context but become useful for another function ex: feathers |
| What is systematics? | It includes taxonomy and focuses on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships |
| What is convergent evolution? | unrelatedly species to evolve similar characteristics under similar environmental conditions |
| If two species branch from a common ancestor what does this mean in terms of DNA? | DNA sequences should be the same |
| What are cladistics ? | Organisms grouped by common ancestry |
| What is a clade? | Consists of an ancestral species and all its evolutionary descendants and forms a distinct branch in the tree of life |
| What does the three domain system consist of? | Two domains of prokaryotes ( bacteria and archea) One domain of eukaryotes ( Eukarya) |
Created by:
itzy
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