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Ch 13 pt2 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is one example of natural selection? | Pesticide resistance, some insects are able to survive pesticides thus making them "fit" for their environment |
| what is mutation? | The ultimate source of genetic variation that serves as raw material for evolution |
| Can mutations be passed on to offspring? | No only mutations in cells that produce gametes can be passed to offspring and affect a populations genetic variability |
| What are some pros of mutations? | Can improve adaptation of an individual to its environment, enhance reproductive success, increase genetic variation |
| How do mutations in prokaryotes work? | Quickly creates genetic variation in a population ( bacteria multiply fast) |
| What are three examples of genetic variation? | Independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization |
| What is a population? | A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreeds |
| What does the gene pool consist of? | All copies of every type of allele ( genes) in all members of the population. All the gene possibilities there is |
| What is the allele frequency equation? | P + q = 1 |
| What is the genotype frequency equation? | P^2 +2pq + q^2 = 1 |
| What is the p^2 indicate ? | Dominant homozygous allele |
| What does 2pq indicate ? | Heterozygous alleles |
| What does the q^2 indicate? | Recessive homozygous alleles |
| What is microevolution ? | Generation to generation change in allele frequencies of a population |
| What are the three main causes of evolutionary change? | Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow |
| Why is natural selection the most important in evolutionary change ? | It is the only process that promotes adaptation |
| What is genetic drift? | Change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance |
| What is the bottleneck effect? | Example of genetic drift, drastic reduction in population size that leads to a decreased genetic variation |
| What is the founder effect? | Example of genetic drift, fee individuals colonize an empty habitat which causes high frequency of certain disorders, less genetic variation to work with |
| What is gene flow? | A source of evolutionary change, the genetic exchange of another population, could either be gain or loss of alleles |
| What is relative fitness? | The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation |
| What is sexual selection ? | A form of natural selection , certain traits attract mates |
| What is sexual dimorphism? | A distinction in appearance between males and females. Males traits are more noticeable while females are dull and brown |
| What is directional selection? | Shifts the overall makeup of a population by choosing one extreme phenotype over another |
| What is disruptive selection? | Leads to a balance of two or more opposites phenotypes in a population? |
| What is stabilizing selection? | Most common, happens in stable environments , favors intermediate phenotypes |
Created by:
itzy
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