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Vertebrate Diversit

Biodiversity

QuestionAnswer
Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata, Subphylum Vertebrata. Characteristics: Notochord, Presence of post-anal tail, pharyngeal gill pouches at some stage of development, hollow dorsal nerve chord
Notochord Lies ventral to the neural tube in vertebrate embryos & some adults. A rod of vacuolated cells encase by a firm sheath. Later develops into vertebral column in vertebrates.
Subphylum Urochordata Tunicates, sea squits. Larval & adult stages are diff't. Larval stage posess more of chordate characteristics- gill slits, notochord, dorsal nerve chord. Larvae are free-living- only lasts a few days before becoming sessile adults.
Subphylum Cephalochordata Lancelet/ amphioxus. Retains all chordate characteristics throughout life cycle.
Paedomorphosis Larvae reach sexual maturity without attaining the adult body form. Scientists believe that both Cephalochordates & Vertebrates evolved separately from urochordate larvae.
Subphylum Vertebrata Cephalized- have well developed sense organs that are located on the head. Well developed endoskeleton & segmented vertebral column. 2 pairs of jointed appendages. All commonly have an outer protective covering.
Divisions of Subphylum Vertebrata HABITAT REQUIREMENTS. Pisces- fish-like groups. Tetrapoda- all terestial vertebrates. FEEDING HABITS. Agnatha- jawless vertebrates. Gnathostomes- vertebrates with jaws derived from mandibular arch
Class Agnatha Lampreys, hagfish. jawless.Class Gnathostomes- posess true jaws.
Class Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous fish. Sharks, Skates, Rays. Males posess claspers that are used during mating. Birth Can be VIVIPAROUS, OVIPAROUS, OVOVIPAROUS. Does not have swim bladders.
Viviparous live birth
Oviparous hatched from an egg
Ovoviparous egg is hatched internally followed by live birth
Heterocercal tails Dorsal side of caudal fin much longer than ventral side. Adaptation for speed while swimming
Class Osteichthyes Largest class of vertebrates. Bony fishes. Most covered in a layer of mucous to be more viscous in water. Higher muscle mass than land vert b/c water is more dense than air. Gill used for gas exchange. Fusiform- for locomotion & covered in dermal scales.
Lateral line Sensory organ that detects movement in the surrounding environment
Swim bladder Organ that helps maintain buoyancy & vertical position in water.
Class Sarcapterygii Lungfish, coelocanths. thought to have given rishe to land vertebrates b/c of their more fleshy fins & the presence of lungs in some species.
Class Amphibia Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts. "double life". Larvae are free-living in water & terrestial adults. 3 possible respiraton: lungs, throught the skin, with gills in some species. 3-chambered heart. ECTOTHERMIC.
Ectothermic Must regulate body temperature by moving to diff't microclimates. Frogs can freeze but still survive because of glycerol that prevents cells from breaking apart.
Class Reptilia 1st group to evolve amniotic egg. Turtles, snakes, lizards, dinosaurs. Ectothermic. Dinosaurs believed to be ancestors of modern birds.
Class Aves Birds. Reproduce with amniotic egg. ENDOTHERMIC. 4-chambered heart. Air sacs for gas exhange. Flight modifications- hollow bones, pectoral appendages modified into wings, large eyes & large cerebellum.
Endothermic Regulate own body temperature.
Contour Feathers Flight feathers. cover most of surface of body. form an aerofoil & also function in waterproofing.
Down Feathers fluffy & used for insulation
Filoplumes very stiff shaft, with occasional barbs at hte top. Found at base of eyelashes & near beak & play a sensory role.
Class Mammalia Humans, monkeys, dogs, cats, bears, horses.Have body hair, mammary glands for nourishment of newborns, most are viviparous. HOMEOTHERMIC. Large well developed brain. 4-chambered heart. 3 subclasses
Subclass Monotremata Egg laying mammals (oviparous birth). Have a cloaca. Do not have nipples. Milk is sucked off mother's fur. (Duck-billed platypus, Spiny Anteater)
Subclass Marsupial Pouched mammals. Embryo development is completed in mother's pouch but are born underdeveloped. (Opossum, Koala, Kangaroo, Wombat)
Subclass Placentals Born fully developed after a period of gestation where nutrients & gass exchange occurs between the mother & the developing embryo via the placenta. After birth, they are further nourished by mother's milk. 18 orders.
Homeothermic Regulate own body temperature
Created by: Cediana Studying
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