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HELUS7CH3
Life Science: 7th Grade: Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___ ___ combines genetic material from two different parent cells. | Sexual reproduction |
| Sexual reproduction creates ___ ___, which helps populations survive changing environmental conditions and disease. | genetic variation |
| The major disadvantages of sexual reproduction are the need to get ___ and ___ together, and the time needed for organisms to reach an age when they can reproduce. | egg, sperm |
| ___ is cell division that produces sperm or egg cells in sexually reproducing organisms. | Meiosis |
| Meiosis ensures that a species’ offspring inherit the correct number of ___. | chromosomes |
| Meiosis produces ___ sperm and egg cells, which combine to form a diploid zygote. | haploid |
| Prophase I: Nuclear membranes break apart and pairs of replicated ___ line upclose to each other. | chromosomes |
| Metaphase I: Pairs of chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell, and fibers attach to each pair of ___ ___. | sister chromatids |
| Anaphase I: Sister chromatids move to ___ ends of the cell. | opposite |
| Telophase I: Nuclear membranes form and ___ divides, producing two cells. | cytoplasm |
| Prophase II: Chromosomes do not ___ before nuclear membrane breaks apart. | replicate |
| Metaphase II: ___ line up along the center of the cell. | Chromosomes |
| Anaphase II: Sister ___ separate, moving to opposite ends of the cell. | chromatids |
| Telophase II: Nuclear ___ reform and the cytoplasm divides. | membranes |
| Meiosis results in ___ haploid nuclei from one diploid nucleus. | four |
| Meiosis I produces two ___ different cells. | genetically |
| Meiosis II produces two ___ haploid cells from each cell produced in meiosis I. | identical |
| Organisms such as plants that alternate between diploid and haploid stages have alternation of ___. | generations |
| In seedless plants, the ___ generation lives on its own. | haploid |
| In seed plants, the haploid generation lives within ___ tissue. | diploid |
| Seedless plants, such as moss and ferns, grow from haploid ___, not seeds. | spores |
| Spores grow by mitosis and cell division to form ___ plants. | haploid |
| ___ results in a diploid zygote that grows by mitosis and cell division into the tiny diploid generation. | Fertilization |
| Sperm cells form inside a hard, protective structure called a ___ ___. | pollen grain |
| Egg cells form inside a female reproductive structure called an ___. | ovary |
| In ___, pollen grains from the male structure reach the female structure. | pollination |
| When sperm enters the ___, fertilization occurs, and a seed develops. | ovule |
| A seed consists of an ___, food supply, and protective covering. | embryo |
| Male cones produce pollen grains and female cones produce ___. | eggs |
| Seeds form as part of the ___ cone | female |
| The flower’s male reproductive organ is the ___; the female organ is the pistil. | stamen |
| Pollen grains form in the ___ at the stamen’s tip. | anther |
| The ___ is a long stalk that connects the anther to the base of the flower. | filament |
| The pollen grains land on the pistil’s ___, which is at the top of a long tube called the style. | stigma |
| A ___ ___ grows from the pollen grain into the stigma, down the style, to the ovary, where fertilization occurs. | pollen tube |
| Each ovule and its embryo will become a ___. | seed |
| The ___ of the plant protects the seed and helps with seed dispersal. | fruit |
| Separate male and female organisms have reproductive organs called ___. | gonads |
| Male gonads called ___ produce sperm | testes |
| Female gonads called ___ produce eggs. | ovaries |
| ___ ___ takes place inside the body of an organism. | Internal fertilization |
| Males deposit ___ in or near the female’s reproductive system. | sperm |
| Animals that use ___ ___ usually protect their eggs during development. | internal fertilization |
| ___ ___ takes place outside the organism’s body. | External fertilization |
| During external fertilization, the female usually releases ___ into water when the male releases sperm. | eggs |
| Most animals that use external fertilization do not ___ their eggs or care for theiryoung. | protect |
| Embryo development in most animals occurs ___ the mother, in an egg surrounded by aprotective covering. | outside |
| In ___, an animal goes through several stages of development. | metamorphosis |
| Embryos that develop inside the mother get nourishment in ___ different ways. | two |
| Some develop inside an egg with a ___ within the mother’s body, until they hatch and leave the mother’s body. | yolk |
| Others, including those of most ___, get nourishment directly from the mother. | mammals |
| ___ ___ produces offspring from a single parent that is identical to the parent organism. | Asexual reproduction |
| Asexual reproduction takes less time and energy than sexual reproduction, and organisms well-adapted to the environment always produce well-adapted ___. | offspring |
| Lack of genetic variation makes populations more susceptible to disease, changes in theenvironment, and harmful ___. | mutations |
| Bacteria, which have no nucleus, reproduce by ___, or producing two identical cells. | fission |
| Some single-celled eukaryotes reproduce by ___, followed by cell division. | mitosis |
| Yeast reproduces by ___, in which a new organism forms on the parent. | budding |
| Many plants can reproduce from ___, in addition to reproducing sexually. | cuttings |
| ___ produces a new organism from part of an animal’s body. Regeneration can also mean regrowth of a missing animal part. | Regeneration |
| Scientists can ___ plants to produce identical plants with desirable genetic traits. | clone |
| Animals can be cloned in the laboratory, but they are often not as ___. | healthy |
Created by:
jnosik
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