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L1 VariationGenetics
Definitions for third sections of Sci 1.9 re variation etc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cultivar | plant variety with special features produced by selective breeding. |
| Genetic variation | inherited differences between individuals in a population resulting from mutation, crossover, the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis and the union of different haploid cells (gametes) at fertilisation. |
| Hybrid | an organism produced by a cross between unlike parents. |
| Inbreeding | sexual reproduction involving the mating of closely related parents. |
| Hereditary | describes materials and or information that are passed on from one generation to another. Not all hereditary information is genetic. |
| Heredity | transmission of traits from one generation to another. |
| Inherit | to receive (a genetic character) by the transmission of hereditary factors |
| Mutagen | physical or chemical agents that causes mutations eg x-ray, UV radiation, nuclear exposure. |
| Mutant | organism with a mutant gene that is expressed in the phenotype eg white-eyed fruit fly. |
| Mutation | an altered gene or the process of change in a gene. It happens as there is a change in the base sequence of the DNA due to addition, deletion or substitution of a base. It may lead to a new allele. |
| Population | group of organisms of the same species sharing the same gene pool. |
| Gene pool | All the possible alleles in a population for a particular gene. eg eye colour gene in the human population can include a range of alleles - black, brown, gray, hazel, green, blue. |
| Selective breeding | a deliberate breeding process using chosen parents with desirable traits to increase the likelihood of the offspring having those desirable traits or combination of traits. |
| Somatic cell | a normal body cell with diploid number of chromosomes. Any changes (mutations) to these cells are not passed on. |
| Variation | differences between the phenotype and or genotype of individuals in a group not linked by age or sex. They can be discrete (either or type eg roll tongue or not) or continuous (eg heights, foot size) and follow a bell shaped distribution curve. |
| gametic cell | A sex cell. If a mutation occurs here and used to produce offspring, mutations can be passed onto next generation(s). |
| natural selection | process of 'fittest' surviving due to competition for resources and other selection pressures selecting favourable phenotypes. Individuals with favourable phenotypes have more offspring and over time a shift in the gene pool occurs. |
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kjsime
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