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PHS ES Chp10

Volcanoes

QuestionAnswer
decompression melting occurs because the pressure drops and the rock's melting point decreases
intraplate volcanism igneous activity the occurs within a tectonic plate away from plate boundaries - hot spots
Volcanic Island Arc volcanoes create a string of islands that mirror the curve of the deep-ocean trench
Continental Volcanic Arc Created when the oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental crust - magma builds up and mountain ranges are formed.
Volcano a weak spot in the Earth's crust where molten materia, magma comes to the surface
Magma molten mixture of rock forming substances
lava when magma reaches the surface it is refeerd to as lava
Ring of Fire one major volcanic belt that rims the Pacific Ocean
Hot Sports Form volcanoes far from plate boundaries
viscosity a substance's resistance to flow - determined by temperature and chemical composition of magma
pahoehoe fast moving, hot lava
Aa slower moving lava forms jagged chunks
pyroclastic materials particles released during an eruption
lapilli cinders - small beads to walnut sized particles
blocks particles larger than 64 mm - made of hardened lava and bombs that glow when ejected
Magma chamber large underground pocket that contains magma
pipe a narrow, almost vertical crack in the crust through which magma rises
lava flow the river of lava that pours down a volcano over land
vent point on surface where magma leaves the volcano's pipe
side vent volcanoes may have more that one vent, or force magma out the side
crater bowl shaped area around the volcanoes vent
sill the magma that does not make it out of the volcano.
caldera a bowl-shaped depression formed when a magma chamber collapses
shield volcano slow erupting, thin lava flows easily to form layer after layer of harden lava - quiet eruption
composite volcano alternates explosive eruptions of lava fragments with lava flows. Tall, cone-shaped mountains result - violent eruptions
cinder cone volcano steep, cone shaped hill or mountain - occasionally produces thick lava = violent eruption
lava plateaus lava flows out of several long cracks to form layer after layer of harden lava - high,level areas
volcanic necks magma hardens in the volcanoes pipe. Overtime the softer rock wears away and the only thing left standing is the hardened magma
hot springs groundwater heated by volcanic activity (magma)
geyser hot groundwater becomes trapped and is heated - steam pressure builds and a water eruption occurs through cracks in the crust.
geothemal energy steam from underground is used to spin turbines = electricity
volcano stage - active volcano that is erupting or shows signs that it may erupt in the future
volcano stage - dormant sleeping volcano, may be 1,000's of years between explosions.
volcano stage - extinct dead volcano, unlikely it will erupt again
plutons structures that formed beneath Earth's surface as a result of hardening magma
dikes magma that forces itself across rock layers and hardens
sills magma that forces itself between parallel layers of sedimentary rocks and hardens
laccoliths a lens-shaped pluton that occurs close to the surface and pushes sedimentary rock layers upward.
dome mountain formed when rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock. The magma forces the rock to bend upward into a dome.
batholiths a mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust, due to uplift and erosion, the structure has an exposed surface area greater than 100 square kilometers.
Created by: melaniebird
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