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Micro Skin/eye
micro diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| skin | largest organ, 1st barrier of protection |
| 2 layers of skin | epidermis-out dermis-in |
| exanthems | widespread skin rash accompanied by systemic symptoms |
| enanthems | rashes on mucous membranes |
| systemic symptoms | fever, malaise, headache |
| macular rash | flat and red, less than 1cm in diameter |
| papular rash | small, solid, and elevated |
| pustular rash | papule filled with pus |
| maculopapular | papule that is red |
| vesicular | small blisters |
| Measles (Rubeola) | - Single stranded RNA virus - direct contact transmission - 8-10 day incubation - flu like symptoms and Koplik's spots - rash due to viremia (damage from Tc cells) - supportive treatment + vaccine - complications ADEM and SSPE |
| German Measles (Rubella) | - single stranded RNA - 3 day measles - inhalation - 12-23 incubation - pinpoint maculopapular rash beginning on head - worse for adults (lymph swelling) - congenital rubella syndrome: hearing loss, retardation - supportive treatment + MMR |
| Chickenpox | - double stranded DNA (Varicella-zoter) - inhalation transmission - latency in dorsal root ganglia - can lead to shingles - MMRV vaccine - Maculopapules, scabs - aspirin never used > Reye's syndrome - treat with antihistamines |
| Shingles | - reactivation of VZV - dermatome - older adults - vaccine to prevent chickenpox - Acyclovir used for it |
| Cold sores/ genital herpes | - double stranded DNA - HSV 1/HSV 2 - direct contact (kissing, sex) - primary infection: replicate in mucosal surfaces then go Ito latency, may be asymptomatic - reactivation: VP16 protein that reactivates virus, always results in symptoms |
| HSV 1 | - causes cold sores - no vaccines - causes erythematous - abreva helps sores go away - gladiatorum= herpes spread by wrestlers |
| HSV 2 | - genital herpes - antivirals - for primary= acyclovir - for reactivation= topical |
| Warts (Papillomas) | - double stranded DNA - HPV - direct contact - tissue specific - cells replicate uncontrollably - treatment = freezing, burning, surgical - HPV 16/18 = cervical cancer |
| Smallpox | - DNA virus - Variola virus (major and minor) - eradicated - humans = reservoir - direct/indirect transmission - replicates in lymph nodes - pox postules |
| S. aureus of hair follicles | - folliculitis = superficial - bolis = abscess of hair follicle - carbuncles = combined boils |
| Impetigo | - caused by S. aureus - nonbullous = honey crusted lesions - bullous = fluid filled blister - young children -sometimes by b-hemolytic strep |
| Toxic Shock Syndrome | - caused by Staph strains that make superantigens |
| Scalded Skin Syndrome | - caused by exfoliative toxin - skin peels off |
| MRSA | - caused by S. aureus - two kinds = nosocomial and community acquired - alters penicillin binding protein |
| Step pyogenes | - normally associated with sore throat - group A, b-hemolytic - has capsule - M protein - SPE superantigen |
| Necrotizing fasciitis | - by Strep. pyogenes - type 1= polymicrobial - type 2 = only 1 organism - treatment by removing tissue and aggressive antibiotics - can become systemic = death |
| Acne Vulgaris | - most common disease (bacterial) - by Propionibacterium acnes - open = blackhead - closed = whitehead - proinflammatory cytokines released - cystic is under the skin |
| Dermatophytes | - fungi that love skin - treated by antifungals |
| tinea capitis | fungal scalp infection |
| tinea corporis | fungal body infection |
| tinea curris | fungal jock itch |
| tinea pedis | fungal foot infection |
| tinea unguium | fungal nail infection |
| Dry gangrene | - affect fingers and toes - from severe frostbite, diabetes, autoimmune - amputation |
| Wet gangrene | - due to an infection - can affect body internally or externally - caused by Clostridium species that produce gas - amputation |
| saprophyte | live off dead material |
| conjunctivitis | -pink eye - inflammation of conjunctiva |
| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
| endophthalmitis | - infection of inner structure - uncommon |
| viral conjunctivitis | associated with respiratory tract infections |
| viral keratitis | - caused by HSV 1 - can cause blindness |
| bacterial conjunctivitis | - affects 1 eye - acute, painful - can have discharge - H. influenzae, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae |
Created by:
paloomaa
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