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Unit 8
Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | the ability to do work; measured in joules (J) |
| Energy transformation | takes place when energy changes from one form into another |
| Law of conservation of energy | states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms |
| Potential energy | the energy that an object has because of the position, condition, or chemical composition of the object |
| Kinetic energy | the energy of an object that is due to the object’s motion |
| Mechanical energy | the sum of an object’s potential and kinetic energies |
| Sound energy | a type of kinetic energy resulting from the vibration of particles |
| Electromagnetic energy | energy in the form of waves produced by the vibration of electrically charged particles (i.e. light waves) |
| Chemical energy | a form of potential energy stored in the bonds that hold compounds together |
| Thermal energy | the energy in an object due to the motion of its molecules; the total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance |
| Heat | the energy transferred between objects that causes a change in temperature |
| Temperature | the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object or substance |
| Electrical energy | the energy of moving electrons |
| Nuclear energy | energy in the nucleus of an atom that is released when nuclei are split or joined |
| Fission | the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two |
| Fusion | the joining of two different atomic nuclei into one |
| Renewable energy | sources of energy that do not have a limited supply available |
| Energy transfer | the movement of energy from one object or system to another |
| Potential energy | the energy that an object has because of the position, condition, or chemical composition of the object |
| Kinetic energy | the energy of an object that is due to the object’s motion |
| Mechanical energy | the sum of an object’s potential and kinetic energies |
| Force | a push or pull exerted on an object in order to change the motion of the object |
| Work | the use of force to move an object some distance |
| Thermal energy | the energy in an object due to the motion of its molecules; the total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance |
| Heat | the energy transferred between objects that causes a change in temperature |
| Temperature | the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object or substance |
| Calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
| Conduction | the transfer of energy as heat from one substance to another through direct contact |
| Conductor | a material that transfers heat well |
| Insulator | a materials that does not transfer heat well |
| Convection | the transfer of energy as heat by the movement of a liquid or gas |
| Convection current | circular motion of liquids or gases due to density differences that result from temperature differences |
| Radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| Medium | the material (solid, liquid, or gas) through which a wave can travel |
| Crest | the highest point in a wave |
| Trough | the lowest point in a wave |
| Rarefaction | increasing the wavelength of a longitudinal wave |
| Compression | decreasing the wavelength of a longitudinal wave |
| Longitudinal wave | a wave in which particles move back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels |
| Transverse wave | a wave in which particles move perpendicularly to the direction the wave travels. |
| Surface wave | the effect produced when longitudinal and transverse waves combine |
| Mechanical wave | waves that require a medium |
| Electromagnetic wave | waves that are vibrations of electric and magnetic fields and do not require a medium to travel through |
| Amplitude | the distance particles in a wave move from their rest position |
| Wavelength | the distance from any point on a wave to the next identical point on the same wave (i.e. the distance from crest to crest) |
| Wave period | the time required for identical parts of consecutive waves to pass a given point (i.e. the time between two crests) |
| Frequency | the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of time, usually one second; measured in hertz (Hz) |
| Wave speed | the speed at which a wave travels; often dependent on the medium |
| Electric current | the rate of flow of electric charges; measured in amperes |
| Direct current | electric current in which charges move in one direction |
| Alternating current | electric current in which charges repeatedly change direction |
| Voltage | the amount of work required to move each unit of charge between two points (aka electric potential) |
| Resistance | the opposition to the flow of electric charge; measured in ohms |
| Electric circuit | a complete, closed path through which electric charges can flow |
| Battery | a device which converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy |
| Electrical conductor | a material through which electric charges can move easily |
| Electrical insulator | a material through which electric charges cannot move easily |
| Load | a device within an complete circuit that uses electrical energy to operate |
| Series circuit | a circuit in which all parts are connected in a row that forms one path for the electric charges to follow |
| Parallel circuit | a circuit in which electric charges have more than one path that they can follow |
Created by:
CSchveder74
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