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Unit 7 (4-7)
Properties of Matter (Lessons 4-7)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical reaction | the process in which atoms are rearranged by breaking some bonds and forming others to produce new substances |
| Chemical formula | a representation of a substance using chemical symbols and numbers to indicate how many of each type of atom are in the compound |
| Subscript | numbers written below and to the right of chemical symbols that indicate how many of that atom are found in that compound |
| Chemical equation | an expression that uses symbols to show the relationship between the starting substances and the substances that are produced by a chemical reaction |
| Reactant | the starting substance(s) in a chemical reaction |
| Product | the substance(s) that are formed in a chemical reaction |
| Law of conservation of mass | in chemical and physical changes, mass can be changed, but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| Coefficient | a number that is placed in front of a chemical formula to indicate how many molecules of that compound there are in the chemical equation |
| Endothermic reaction | a chemical reaction that requires an input of energy |
| Exothermic reaction | a chemical reaction that releases energy to the surroundings |
| Law of conservation of energy | energy can change forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| Reaction rate | describes the speed of a reaction |
| Concentration | the amount of reactant dissolved in a given volume of solution |
| Catalyst | a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up |
| Enzyme | specific catalysts (usually made of proteins) found in living things |
| Mixture | a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| Homogeneous mixture | a mixture in which two or more substances are so well blended that it looks like it is made of only one substance |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture in which the substances are blended on a molecular level |
| Colloid | a type of liquid homogeneous mixture containing particles that are small enough that they don’t settle to the bottom, but large enough to scatter light if shined through the mixture |
| Suspension | a type of liquid homogeneous mixture containing particles that are large enough to block light, make the substance appear cloudy, and eventually settle to the bottom |
| Solute | a substance that is being dissolved into a solution |
| Solvent | the substance in which another substance is being dissolved |
| Concentration | the measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent |
| Dilute | a solution containing a small amount of solute in a given volume of solvent |
| Concentrated | a solution containing a large amount of solute in a given volume of solvent |
| Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be completely dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure |
| Unsaturated | a solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can be completely dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure |
| Supersaturated | an unstable solution containing more than the maximum amount of solute that can ordinarily be completely dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure |
| Solubility | the ability of a solute to dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure |
| Acid | a substance that increases the number of positively charged hydronium ions (H3O+) when dissolved in water |
| Base | a substance that increases the number of negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water |
| Strong acid/base | a solution in which all or almost all of the dissolved acid/base particles break apart to form ions when dissolved in solution |
| Weak acid/base | a solution in which only some of the dissolved acid/base particles break apart to form ions when dissolved in solution |
| Concentrated acid/base | a solution in which a large amount of acid/base is dissolved (may be strong or weak) |
| Dilute acid/base | a solution in which a small amount of acid/base is dissolved (may be strong or weak) |
| Corrosive | has the ability to react with and destroy body tissue, clothing, and other things |
| Indicator | a substance that changes color based on the amount of acid or base present |
| Caustic | has the ability to burn or corrode other substances |
| Neutralization reaction | the reaction between an acid and a base in a water solution |
| Salt | an ionic compound that forms from the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base in a neutralization reaction |
| pH | a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
Created by:
CSchveder74
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