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Unit 5
The Earth-Moon-Sun System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rotation | the spinning of a body, such as a planet, on its axis |
| Day | the time it takes a planet to complete one full rotation on its axis |
| Axis | an imaginary straight line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole |
| Revolution | the motion of a body that travels around another body in space |
| Year | the time it takes for Earth to complete a full revolution around the sun (365¼ days) |
| Season | a pattern of temperature and other weather trends typical for an area during a particular time of year |
| Equinox | occurs when the Earth’s position in relation to the sun causes the sun’s light to shine equally on the Northern and Southern hemispheres |
| Solstice | occurs when the Earth’s position in relation to the sun causes the sun’s light to shine at its maximum in one hemisphere and at its minimum in the other |
| Northern Hemisphere | the half of Earth between the equator and the North Pole |
| Southern Hemisphere | the half of Earth between the equator and the South Pole |
| Satellite | a small body that is held in orbit around a larger body by that body’s gravity |
| Gravity | the force of attraction that an object with mass exerts on another object with mass |
| Lunar phases | the changing appearance of the moon due to changes in the portion of the moon that reflects sunlight back to Earth |
| Waxing | occurs when the portion of the moon that is visible is increasing |
| Waning | occurs when the portion of the moon that is visible is decreasing |
| New moon | the part of the lunar cycle when the near side of the moon receives no sunlight and the moon is not visible from Earth |
| Waxing crescent | the part of the lunar cycle when the portion of the moon that is visible is a crescent shape and increasing |
| First quarter | the part of the lunar cycle when the portion of the moon that is visible has increased from a thin crescent to one half of the moon being visible |
| Waxing gibbous | the part of the lunar cycle when the portion of the moon that is visible is more than half and continuing to increase |
| Full moon | the point in the lunar cycle when the whole near side of the moon is in sunlight and visible from Earth |
| Waning gibbous | the part of the lunar cycle when the portion of the moon that is visible is more than half but is decreasing |
| Third quarter | the part of the lunar cycle when the portion of the moon that is visible has decreased from a full moon to one half of the moon being visible |
| Waning crescent | the part of the lunar cycle when the portion of the moon that is visible is a crescent shape but is decreasing |
| Eclipse | an event during which one object in space casts a shadow onto another |
| Lunar eclipse | event when the Earth’s position blocks the moon from receiving any sunlight; the moon is in the Earth’s shadow |
| Solar eclipse | event when the moon’s position blocks the Earth from receiving sunlight; the Earth is in the moon’s shadow |
| Umbra | the complete shadow that an object casts; the darkest part of the shadow |
| Penumbra | a spreading cone of lighter shadow around the darkest part of the shadow |
| Tide | daily changes in the level of ocean water caused by differences in gravitational forces of the sun and moon across Earth |
| Tidal force | gravitational forces exerted on the Earth by the sun and the moon which contribute to the tides |
| High tide | water level that is higher than the average sea level |
| Low tide | water level that is lower than the average sea level |
| Tidal range | the difference between the levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide |
| Spring tide | tides that have the largest daily tidal range |
| Neap tide | tides that have the smallest daily tidal range |
Created by:
CSchveder74
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