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These types of plants have a two year life cycle. The plant grows the first year, and flowers or grows fruits during the second year
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This term refers to soil which has a high level of calcium carbonate. This content makes the soil very alkaline
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Plant Terminology
A list of plant terminology for male QR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| These types of plants have a two year life cycle. The plant grows the first year, and flowers or grows fruits during the second year | Biennial |
| This term refers to soil which has a high level of calcium carbonate. This content makes the soil very alkaline | Calcareous |
| The word calyx is used as a collective term for the sepals of a flower | Calyx |
| When there is a nutrient deficiency that causes a plant to fail to produce chlorophyll, a yellowing of the plants tissue can occur, and the plant if referred to as being chlorotic | Chlorotic |
| The corolla is the overall structure of all the petals of the flower. | Corolla |
| A season's yield of a plant that is grown in large quantities. Crops are usually grown as food for sale in grocery markets, but also can be grown for livestock feed and for fuel | Crop |
| Originally the term culm referred to a stem of any kind. It now refers to an above ground stem | Culm |
| A cultivar results from the cross-breeding of plants, which results in a new subspecies, or cultivar (hybrid). | Cultivar |
| A cyme is a variation of the arrangement of flowers on a plant | Cymes |
| A deciduous plant is one that loses its leaves seasonally. Loss of leaves normally is in conjunction with a seasonal weather change, such as winter | Deciduous |
| This is when flowers of a plant are one sex only, and require a second plant with flowers of the opposite sex to reproduce | Dioecious |
| When a plant is said to be 'endemic', it means it is confined, restricted, or found only in a particular location | Endemic |
| Plants that are said to be 'frost tender' can not survive in any level of frost | Frost Tender |
| Germ cells, called gametes, from the male and female plants fuse together during fertilization. | Gametes |
| Parts of plants that are glabrous have no 'hairs' on their surface | Glabrous |
| The female reproductive part of the plant | Gynoecium |
| A hybrid plant is the result of interbreeding different plant species of separate taxa | Hybrid |
| This is a term describing the particular shape of leaves. Lanceolate leaves are long leaves that are wider in the middle. | Lanceolate |
| A lenticel is an area of spongy tissue on the outside of vascular plants that allow for the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the inner tissue of the plant | Lenticel |
| These plants have a limited life cycle. The plant will grow, develop flowers, set their seeds, and the die. | Monocarpic |
| When a tree's branches are dangling or hanging loosely in the shape of a pendulum, they are said to be pendulous. | Pendulous |
| If a plant lives for more than two years it is classified as a perennial. | Perennial |
| The perianth refers to the outer portion of a flower. The perianth contains the petals, tepals and sepals | Perianth |
| This is the act of reproducing, spreading or distributing plants through both artificial and natural methods. Common methods are by using seeds or cuttings | Propagation |
| This is the first part to emerge from the seed during germination, considered the embryonic root of the plant. The radicle, once emerged, always grows downward in the soil. | Radicle |
| The process of making parts of trees/plants smaller is called ramification. This is usually accomplished through pruning. (ie. Making a tree into a bonsai variant). | Ramification |
| A root tuber is a lateral root, although modified. These tubers are enlarged, and work as an organ for storage of nutrients. A good example of a root tuber is the sweet potato. | Root Tuber |
| The fruit of a plant that is in the shape of wings, allowing the wind to carry them off. Often referred to as a 'helicopter'. | Samara |
| This term refers to the male organs of a plant. | Stamen |
| This type of tuber tends to develop at the sides of the parent plant, and close to the soil. The topside can grow stems and leaves, while the underside develops roots. A potato is a specialized stem tuber. | Stem Tuber |
| Outgrowths located on either side of the leafstalk base. Stipules come in all shapes and sizes; spines, scales, hairs, etc. | Stipule |
| A tuber is an enlarged plant structure used to store nutrients, usually to provide sustenance for the plant during the winter months, and to help regrow the plant the following year. There are two types of tubers: stem tuber and root tuber | Tuber |
| A whorl is when items on a plant surround a central point. Example: Leaves that are whorled surround and attach to the stem at the same point. | Whorl |
| Completing a life cycle in one season or year. Annual plants produce seed in one season of growth then die. See; perennial, biennial, monocarpic | annual |
| All fruits with fleshy walls and multiple seeds. | berry |
| A rounded, usually underground structure with thick, fleshy concentric layers or scales merging into the stem at the top and roots at the bottom | bulb |
| A dehiscent fruit with more than one carpel. | capsule |
| Shaped like a club | clavate |
| Active at dawn or dusk. See nocturnal, diurnal | crepuscular |
| A single chambered fruit that splits along a single seam to release the seeds. | follicle |
| The overall appearance of a plant, stem, leaves and so on. Not to be confused with habitat. | habit |
| any small, dry fruit with one seed whose outer covering ( pericarp) does not burst when ripe. Example: sunflower seed. | achene |
| a wide variety of tiny, often microscopic, plants (or plant-like organisms) that live both in water and on land. alga - singular | algae |
| a major division of the plant kingdom, commonly known as flowering plants; their reproductive organs develop seeds in the flowers | angiospermae |
| the top of the stamen, which produces the pollen | anther |
| aquatic plants containing the conductive vascular tissue, phloem and xylem | aquatic vascular plants |
| the angle found between any two organs or structures, as between a stem and leaf. | axil |
| microscopic single-celled organisms; the simplest and oldest form of life, found in almost every environment on the Earth’s surface | bacteria |
| the outermost covering of trees and some plants. This is composed of the cuticle or epidermis, the outer bark or cortex, and the inner bark or fiber | bark |
| the ability of a waterbody (or habitat) to support plants, fish and wildlife | biological productivity |
| the leaf of a plant, especially grass; the flat or expanded portion of a leaf; lamina | blade |
| a small usually terminal branch | branchlet |
| an undeveloped leaf or flower (or both) of a plant | bud |
| the chief substance found in the cell walls or woody part of plants; which contributes to their stiffness. | cellulose |
| an enlarged rounded solid underground stem, filled with nutrients | corm |
| the first leaf or leaves of a seed plant, found in the embryo of the seed; may form the first photosynthetic leaves or may remain below ground | cotyledon |
| a fleshy or pulpy fruit with the inner portion of the pericap hard or stony and enclosing the seed | drupe |
| study of the interactions between organisms and the interactions of these organisms with their environment | ecology |
| rooted in shallow water with much of the vegetative growth above the water | emersed plants |
| stalk; the part of a flower that holds the anther | filament |
| not anchored in the sediment; they get their nutrients directly from the water | free-floating plants |
| plant that may or may not be anchored to the sediment, but has leaves that float on the surface of the water. | floating-leaved plant |
| depression that secretes a substance (from a plant surface). | gland |
| bluish green; covered with a pale green bloom | glaucous |
| any seed plant whose stem withers away to the ground after each season's growth; a seed plant with a green, non-woody stem | herb |
| chemical used to control the growth of invasive plants | herbicide |
| soft, grassy, non- woody plants that according to season (autumn) lose their above-ground growth but leave intact roots and produce new growth in the new season (spring). | herbaceous plants |
| cluster or arrangement of flowers on an axis; a flowering branch | inflorescence |
| the portion of a stem between nodes | internode |
| when an individual plant competes with one or more members of the same species for nutrients, space, light, etc | intraspecific competition |
| an exotic plant species that is expanding on its own in native plant communities, endangering the existence of native species | invasive exotic plant |
| with an irregularly torn margin | lacerate |
| shaped like a lance; broadest toward the base and narrowedat the tip; several times longer than wide; leaf shape | lanceolate |
| the scientific study of physical, chemical, meteorological, and biological conditions of inland waterbodies | limnology |
| a tract of wet land principally inhabited by emergent herbaceous vegetation | marsh |
| the use of machines to shear, crush, shred, press, pull and remove aquatic weeds from waterbodies | mechanical control |
| central and most prominent vein of a leaf or leaflet | midrib |
| to adapt to a non-native environment; when a species of foreign origin, established itself and reproduces (outside cultivation) as though it is native | naturalize |
| knob or joint of a stem from which leaves, roots, shoots, or flowers may arise. A node may contain one or more buds | node |
| elliptical, slightly rectangular and from two to four times longer than it is broad; leaf shape | oblong |
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