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BIOtest4
4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| purpose of excretory system? | functions to rid the body of nitrogenous waste |
| where does nitogenous waste come from | metabolic breakdown of proteins and amino acids |
| where does body convert ammnia to urea | conversion occurs in liver |
| how does material move from the circulatory system to the excretory system? | blood circulates throughout the body, and pressure forces small molecules to leave the ciruculatory system and enter the excretory system |
| where does material move from circulatory to excretory system? | occurs between glomerulus and Bowmans capsule. this is called filtration |
| how does ADH work? | makes the collection duct of the nephron unit more permeable to water, which allows more water for reabsorption. |
| non-specific defenses | called innate; almost always present at birth and are not activated by a specific substance, nor confer a long term immunitiy |
| specific defenses | defenses aquired and confer long-term immunity to a specific antigen |
| what are some innate defenses to keep pathogens from entering body | skin. Lysozymes present in mucous, saliva and sweat, and tears |
| 3 types of lymphocytes | 1. Natural Killer Cells2. t-cells.3. B-cells |
| how do NKCs differ from T-cells and B-cells | NKCs have a different lineage of differentiation; part of innate defense |
| what is the mechanism of action employed by NKCS | NKCs attach to pathogenic cells and release cytotoxic chemicals, such as perforin. (causes cells to lyse) |
| What are phagocytic cells? | engulf material |
| example of phagocytic cells | macrophage; big eater |
| what is interferon? | protein produced by virally infected cells. |
| what is complement system | group of over 20 proteins that act in tandem with other defense mechnisms. work with both specific and non specific defenses |
| what is an antibody | remember specific antigens, once generated, antibodies respond rapidly to subsequent exposures to an antigen |
| what is antigen | are substances that trigger formation of antibodies by immune system |
| passive immunity | an ind. recieves anitbodies ( mother to child) |
| active immunity | ind. generates antibodies after exposeure to antigen (becoming infected with flu) |
| B-cells | develop in bone marrow and have humoral activity |
| with T-cells and B-cells originate where? | bone marrow |
| T cells | develop in thymus and have cell-mediated activity |
| Killer t-cells | cytotoxic activity |
| help t- cells | stimulate and activate both t and b cells |
Created by:
Mollie28
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