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biology chapter 46
animal reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sexual reproduction | the fusion of haploid gametes forms a diploid cell, the zygote |
| asexual reproduction | the generation of new individuals without the fusion of the egg & and sperm |
| fission | asexual reproduction by invertebrates. the seperation of a parent organism into two organisms of equal size |
| budding | new individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones |
| parthenogenesis | a type of asexual reproduction n which an egg develops without being fertilized. The progeny can either be haplod or diploid. If Haploid, the offsprings develop into adults that produce eggs or sperm without meiosis like ants, wasps and bees, |
| ovulation | is the release of mature eggs, occurs at the midpoint of each cycle |
| hermaphroditism | individuals who have both male and female reproductive systems |
| external fertilization | the female releases eggs into the enviroment, and then the male fertilizes them. |
| gonads | the organs that produce gametes in most animals |
| spermatheca | a sac in many insects where sperm is stored for extended periods |
| cloaca | digestive, excretory, reproductive opening to the outside |
| oocyte | partically developed egg surrounded by a group of support cells that protect and nourish. |
| oogenesis | the formation of an ovum |
| follicle | outer layer of each ovary, during a 4 week menstual cycle, one follicle matures and expels its egg. |
| estradiol | a type of estrogen produced by cells of a follicle |
| corpus luteum | follicle tissues grow within the ovary and produce a corpus luteum "yellow body" which produces more estradiol. if the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates and a new follicle matures during the cycle |
| oviduct | fallopian tubes that extend from the uterus to each ovary |
| endometrium | the inner lining of the uterus |
| vasogongestion | the filling of tissue with blood, and mytonia, increased muscle tension. |
| endometriosis | cells of the uterine lining migrate to an abdominal location that is abnormal |
| estrous cycles | mammals that do not have menstrual cycles have estrous cycles in which in the absence of pregnancy, the uterus reabsorbs the endometrium and no extensive fluid flow occurs |
| leydig cells | profuce testosterone & androgen |
| FSH and LH | FSH stimulates the sertolli cells which nourish sperm and in LH produces androgens which stimulate production of sperm |
| birth control pills | block the release of GnRH which interferes with LH secretion and prevent ovulation |
| cleavage | 24 hours after conception, the zygote begins dividing |
| blastocyst | 2-3 days after cleavage, a ball of cells. After it implants itself in the endometrium, it becomes a fetus |
| trophoblast | outer layer of the blastocyst mingles with the endometrium and helps form the placenta |
| placenta | disc shaped organ that contains both embryonic and maternal blood vessels |
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PanicAttack
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