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Session 2 Microbio2c
Microbio -2c- Bacterial Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the complete set of genetic information of an organism called | genome |
| In replication the fact that each new cell ends up with a complete strand from the parent DNA is called what | Semiconservative replication |
| What direction is DNA replicated | 5'to3' |
| What direction is DNA read for replication | 3'to 5' |
| What is the first step in transcription | RNA polymerase recognizes promoter region on DNA |
| Which subunit of RNA polymerase recognizes the promoter region on DNA | Sigma Factor |
| What are the steps to transcription | initiation, elongation, termination |
| What is the structure in the RNA chain that the terminator encodes for | Hairpin loop |
| What is translation | reading of mRNA to make a protein |
| What are the components needed for translation | mRNA, ribosomes, tRNAs |
| What is the region on tRNA called that is complementary to the matching region on the mRNA | anticodon |
| What type of gene transfer are bacteria capable of that humans are not where genes are exchanged between bacteria and not only progeny | horizontal gene transfer |
| What are the three mechanisms for genetic transfer in bacteria | DNA-mediated transformation- naked DNA transfered Transduction-transfer completed via virus conjugation- DNA transfered by direct contact between cells |
| Where does the naked DNA for transformation come from | ruptured cells |
| What is electroporation | process by which competency (ability to uptake naked DNA) can be artificially induced |
| what is the virus that infects bacteria called | bacteriaphage |
| what is the process by which viruses can transfer DNA between bacteria cells is called | transduction |
| What is generally transferred between bacterial cells in conjugation | Plasmids |
| Which cell is the F+ cell | the cell that transferred the F plasmid to the other |
| what does bacteriostatic mean | inhibits growth |
| what does bactericidal mean | kills microorganism |
| What are the two spectrums of acivity of antimicrobial drugs | narrow and broad spectrum |
| What does selective toxicity refer to | antimicrobial that only harms prokaryotes not human cells |
| HOw do penicillin and cephalosporin stop bacterial growth | stop cell wall synthesis |
| what is the chemical structuer of penicillin and cephalosporins called that inhibits cell wall growth | beta-lactam ring |
| drugs that inhibit protein synthesis and are bacteriostatic | tetracyclins, macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol, |
| drug that inhibits protein synthesis and is bactericidal | aminoglycosides |
| how are fluoroquinolones antimicrobials | they inhibit topoisomerases which means bacteria can't remove supercoils formed during replication |
| What type of antimicrobial drug is ciprofloxacin | fluoroquinolone that inhibits topoisomerases |
| what drug inhibits RNA polymerase from initiating transcription, | rifamycins such as rifampin |
| What drug apart from treating gram + and - can also target mycobacterium | rifamycins(rifampin) can treat leprosy and TB |
| Drug that breaks down cell membrane can only be used topically because it can affect eukaryotic cells as well- common ingredient in first aid skin ointments | Polymyxin B |
| What is the test for bacterial resistance to antibiotics | kiryb bauer disc diffusion test |
Created by:
smaxsmith
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