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BIO Test 4 ch 10/11
Chapters 10 and 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Environmental Health | Environmental factors that influence human health and quality of life and the ecosystem |
| Physical hazards | processes that occur naturally and pose health hazards..earth quakes, volcanic eruptions, fires, blizzards, landslides, hurricanes, and droughts |
| Chemical hazards | include many of the synthetic chemicals that our society produces such as pesticides, disinfectants... |
| Biological hazards | result from ecological interactions among organisms that cause harm...H1N1 |
| Cultural hazards | decisions we make about how we choose to behave/acceptable by society..smoking |
| Infectious disease | communicable/transmissible |
| Outdoor environmental hazards | pesticide drift |
| Outdoor environmental hazards | dust and particulate matter |
| Indoor environmental hazards | Smoking and secondhand smoke |
| Indoor environmental hazards | lead in paint and pipes |
| Toxicology | study of poisonous substances |
| Toxicant | a poison or toxic agent |
| Environmental toxicology | study of toxic substances that come from/discharged into our environment |
| Carcinogens | chemicals or types of radiation that cause cancer |
| Mutagens | chemicals that cause mutations in the DNA of organisms |
| Teratogens | chemicals that cause harm to the unborn/alcohol |
| Neurotoxins | toxicants that assault the nervous system/lead and mercury |
| Allergens | overactivate the immune system causing an immune response that is not necessary, allergy-causing substances |
| Endocrine disruptors | interfere with the hormone system |
| Toxicants in water and air | As animals at higher trophic levels eat organisms lower on the food chain, their load of toxicants passes up to each consumer. |
| Persistence | substances that take a long time to break down |
| bioaccumulation | accumulation of toxic organisms that have built up in the tissues of an animal |
| biomagnification | Each individual consumes many individuals from trophic levels beneath it. With each step, concentrations become magnified. |
| LD50 | the lethal dose it takes to kill half the population of animals/tested organisms |
| ED50 | effective dose(non lethal) effects 50% organisms |
| Accute exposure | lower exposure/high concentration, short period |
| Chronic exposure | low concentration/long period |
| Synergistic effects | two or more substances combined,more variables, more complex, harder to determine, harder to predict |
| Risk | probability that some harmful outcome will result from an action |
| Risk assessment | a way of identifying and outline problems |
| Risk management | decisions/strategies to minimize risk |
| Policy | rules/guidelines |
| Regulatory agencies for synthetic chemicals | Center for Disease Control |
| Regulatory agencies for synthetic chemicals | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| Regulatory agencies for synthetic chemicals | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| Regulatory agencies for synthetic chemicals | Food and Drug Administration |
| Metal | a type of chemical element can conduct electricity |
| Examples of metals | Copper, iron, lead, gold and aluminum |
| Ore | a mineral/grouping of minerals that contain metal |
| Nonmetallic minerals | sand and gravel, gemstones salts |
| fuels | coal and petroleum |
| Strip mining | layers of surface soil and rock are removed from large areas to expose the resource |
| Acid drainage | acid produced from exposure/chemical runoff into waterways |
| Subsurface mining | When a resource occurs in concentrated pockets or seams deep underground, and the earth allows for safe tunneling, this type of mining is pursued. |
| Open pit mining | digging of a large pit/hole such as a rock quarry to obtain resource |
| Placer mining | sifting through large amounts of debris by hand with a pan or simple tools(pan handler) |
| Mountaintop removal | entire mountain tops are blasted off, waste is dumped into adjacent valleys |
| Restoration of mined sites | reclaim vegetation atop sites |
| Recycling | collection of materials that can be broken down and reprocessed to manufacture new items |
| Undersea mining | extraction of minerals from the ocean floor |
Created by:
kerinv
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