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Product Design
Smart Materials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Smart materials. | They react and change according to the conditions. For example, material properties will change physically to light or temperature. |
| Shape memory alloy (SMA). | SMAs such as nitinol change shape in response to a change shape in response to a change in temperature or electrical input. E.g. nitinol wire in dental braces changes length in response to a change in temperature. |
| Thermochromic pigment: | Changes colour in response to temperature change. E.g. of use: Room thermometers, packaging that tells you when food is hot or cold and baby feeding spoons. |
| Phosphorescent pigment: | Absorbs light energy during the day and 're-emits' the light energy when it is dark. E.g. of use: Fire exit signs, 'glow in the dark' products such as watch face and colour change mugs. |
| Photochromic pigment: | Changes colour with light intensity. E.g. of use: Welding goggles and reactive spectacle lenses and permanent UV marker pens. |
| Electroluminescent wire: | Thin copper wire coated in a phosphorescent material that glows in response to an alternating current. E.g. of use: Glow bracelets, decorative lighting outdoors and interweaving for clothing. |
| Piezoelectric material: | Gives off a small electrical charge when deformed; increases in size (up to 4%) when an electrical current is passed through it. E.g. of use: In car Airbag sensors, musical greeting cards and barbecue lighters. |
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