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Friendly Bio. Ch 12

Vocabulary Terminology for Chapter 12 in Friendly Biology

Question or TermAnswer or Definition
Reproduction is The process in which living organisms create more living organisms.
Information necessary to create new living organisms is found in what organelle? Chromosome
Humans have a total of how many pairs of chromosomes 23, which makes 46 total number of individual chromosomes
Organisms with two parents have pairs of chromosomes, one member of each pair coming from each parent
Genes are segments of chromosomes which carry information for specific traits or features.
Variations in a trait or gene, such as eye color, or facce shape is known as an allele
Examples of eye color alleles would be blue,green, brown, or hazel
Organisms that have pairs of chromosomes are said to be diploid or 2N
Almost all cells in humans and animals are 2N except for sex cells or gametes
1N or haploid cells are gametes or sex cells
Before going through meiosis, primordial sex cells, whether male or female are 2N
After meiosis, primordial sex cells are 1N
To reduce cells from 2N to 1N, they undergo a process called meiosis
One primordial sex cell, in human female will result in 1 ovum and 3 cells which do not survive
One primordial sex cell in human male will result in 4 sperm cells
meiosis takes place where in males and where in females testis and ovaries
continue to create more primordial sex cells throughout their life Human males
Born with the total number of primordial sex cells they will have their entire lives Human Females
Fertilization is the process in which a 1N sperm cell joins a 1N ovum to create a 2N individual
The process of creating ova or 2N cell from a 2N cells is mitosis
Sexual Reproduction Reproduction which involves two parents, male and female, each contributing a single cell for the new offspring.
Asexual Reproduction Reproduction which involves only one parent
Reproduction where there is a great possibility for an assortment or mixing of genetic information from each parent Sexual reproduction
Reproduction where the offspring carries the exact same genetic information as the parent Asexual reproduction
Created by: CDM2KK
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