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VNSG 1400
The Eye, part 1 - Alison Miles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| eye function | to transform light energy to cerebral cortex to be interpreted |
| ability to move the eyeball is accomplished by using muscles including: | superior and inferior rectus; medial and lateral rectus; superior and inferior oblique |
| 6 cranial nerves of the eye | optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial |
| eyelid function | to protect against foreign bodies & amount of light |
| eyelash function | trap foreign debris before it gets into eyes |
| 1st layer of the eye | sclera |
| sclera | "white of the eye"; protects the eye; connected to cornea, anterior chamber, iris and pupil |
| 2nd layer of the eye | uvea |
| uvea | vascular layer of the eye; houses Choroid, Iris, Pupil, Ciliary body, Anterior chamber, Lens, Posterior chamber, Vitreous humor |
| choroid | blood vessels and dark pigmented cells prevents shattering of light |
| iris | "colored" part of the eye |
| pupil | opening that dilates and constricts in response to light |
| ciliary body | produces AQUEOUS humor (liquid that nourishes the eye) |
| ciliary processes & ciliary muscle: | attached to the lens; contracts & relaxes to change the lens shape (to focus) |
| anterior chamber | filled with aqueous humor that nourishes the cornea |
| posterior chamber | behind the lens |
| vitreous humor | gelatin substance that keeps the shape of the eyeball and placement of the retina |
| 3rd layer of the eye | retina |
| retina | composed of neurosensory layer which contains nerves from the optic nerve, rods and cones |
| Rods | night/dim vision; distinguishes black from white |
| cones | day/bright light vision; distinguishes colors |
| lack of OR damaged cones could mean? | color blindness |
| macula lutea | central vision; resides in center of retina and composed of many rods and cones |
| optic disc | anterior surface of optic nerve; if disc isn't working, patient can not see |
| refraction | light rays bend and change speed to visualize an object |
| visual function of lens | turns light energy upside down and focused on the retina |
| visual function of rods and cones | send nerve impulses to visual cortex of the occipital lobe where image is interpreted (via the optic nerve) |
| accommodation | process where lens can change shapes to allow image to "fall" on correct place on the retina |
| contractions on cilliary muscles makes the lens ____________ _____________ | change shape |
| refractive media | transparent cornea, aqueous humor, lens and vitreous humor (visual pathway) |
| refract (bend) horizontal and vertical light rays so that the light rays focus on the | retina |
| on the retina, the light rays are: | reversed and upside down |
| at optic chiasm: | fibers from the left field of each eye join to form the left optic tract; from the right field of each eye from the right optic tract |
| images are transmitted to the brain by way of the | optic tracts |
| near point | closest point a person can clearly see an object |
| PEARLA | pupils equal, active, reactive to light and accommodation |
| age related eye changes | skin around eye wrinkles and becomes loose; fat around eye decreases,permitting eyeball to sink deeper into the orbit; tears diminish; pupils smaller and respond slower |
| age related eye changes con't | presbyopia, arcus senilis |
| presbyopia | ability to focus is impaired, accommodation is impaired |
| arcus senilis | grayish ring may be around the outer margin of the iris |
| assess for: | symmetry (make sure orbits symmetrical in face); inflammation or drainage (ex: pink eye); loss of eyelashes (ex: sti, lice in eyelashes); pupil size & response (ck w/pen light) |
| assess for: | eye movements; ptosis; proptosis, nystagmus |
| Ptosis | drooping of upper eyelid (effects amount of light refracted) |
| Proptosis | extended or protruded upper eyelid that prevents lids from closing (dry eyes; affects tears, possible debris) |
| Nystagmus | eyes constantly "jerk"; uncontrolled movement of the eye (ex: lazy eye) |
| strabismus (paralytic) | nerve/muscle problem where one eye lags behind the other |
| strabismus (non-paralytic) | inherited; patient may be born with; correction needed by age 6 |
Created by:
txladybug70
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