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Science Vocabulary13
Science Words To Learn
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Complimentary | either of the nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA. |
| Punctuation | Rapid or sudden speciation, as suggested by the theory of punctuated equilibrium. |
| Protein synthesis | The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA and various enzymes |
| Transcription | is the first step of DNA based gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. |
| Translation | is a step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. |
| Codon | a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. |
| Anticodon | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. |
| Splice | join or connect (a rope or ropes) by interweaving the strands. |
| Exons | a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence. |
| Polypeptide | a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule. |
| Restriction enzyme | an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases. |
| Karyotyping | the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species. |
| Transduction | the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. |
| Cloning | to make an organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical. |
| Genetic engineering | the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. |
| Gene mutation | a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. |
| Chromosomal mutation | any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism |
| Pedigree chart | that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next. |
| Amniocentesis | the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus. |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms. |
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