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1C Elevate Science
Topic 1 Living Things in the Biosphere Lesson 3 Viruses/Bacteria/Protists/Fungi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What Domain are protists in? | The Eukarya Domain |
| Explain the Eukarya Domain. | they are more simple than plants, animals and fungi |
| Explain Archaea and Bacteria. | they are less complex than protists; unicellular; no nucleus |
| Where do Archaea live? | They live in extreme conditions. Hot springs, salty water, deep underground |
| Complete the statement... Some bacteria are ___, some are___ and some can be ___ | autotrophs, heterotrophs, decomposers |
| Why aren't viruses in any domain? | they are not considered living |
| What is a virus? | a tiny, nonliving partical that enters a cell and reproduces |
| Viruses lack most characteristics of life. Explain | cannot reproduce on its own; do not use food for energy or to grow; do not respond to its surroundings |
| What are common shapes of viruses? | round; thread, brick; bullet; robot-like |
| What are they measured in? | measures in units called nanometers ( 1 billionth of a meter) |
| What are viruses typically named after? | named after a disease they cause or where they were discovered |
| Explain reproduction in viruses. | contain genetic material with a protein coating; attaches itself to a host cell; enters/injects genetic material into the host cell; genetic material takes over the host cell - makes copies of itself; host cell bursts open, releasing many new viruses, |
| What is a host cell? | an organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for a virus to live |
| How are vaccines related to viruses? | Vaccines are weakened or killed viruses that are introduced to the body, to produce chemicals that will destroy that pathogen. |
| Describe/Explain bacteria. | they make up the majority of organisms on earth; they are very small; there are 3 shapes. |
| What are the three shapes of bacteria? | Cocci (ball); Bacilli (rod-like); Spirilla (spiral) |
| What does infectious bacteria do? | they release toxins that damage surrounding cells |
| Describe the bacteria cell structure. | unicellular; Prokaryote, no nucleus; have a cell wall, have a cell membrane; move with a flagella |
| What is the function of the cell wall? | it prevents the cell from drying out |
| What is the function of the cell membrane? | it controls what enters and exits the cell |
| How does a flagella help with movement? | it is like a "whip" to propel the bacteria to move around |
| How do bacteria obtain food? | make food from sunlight; make food from chemicals; absorb food through cell walls; use energy from food to make toxins |
| Where can bacteria NOT survive? | cannot survive in harsh conditions |
| What may happen to bacteria when conditions for survival improve? | some may grow a thick shell called an endospore, which can grow back into a cell, when conditions improve |
| How do bacteria reproduce? | they reproduce asexually by binary fission |
| What is conjugation? | pass genetic information to a neighboring cell; can create resistance (antibiotic resistance) |
| What are protists? | they are Eukaryotic- not plants, animals or fungi |
| Where do protists live? | they live in moist environments; around humans |
| What type of protists are harmful? | some are parasites (Giardia; Plasmodium) |
| How do Animal-like Protists obtain their food? | they are heterotrophs |
| Animal-like Protists are unicellular, multicellular or both? | they are unicellular |
| How do Animal-like Protists move? | they are free swimming |
| How do Animal-like Protists reproduce? | they use asexual and sexual reproduction |
| Name and describe 2 examples of Animal-like Protists. | Amoebas- surround and trap food particles; Giardia- a common parasite that has 8 flagella |
| How do Plant-like Protists obtain their food? | they are autotrophs; some are also heterotrophs |
| Plant-like Protists are unicellular, multicellular or both? | they are unicellular or multicellular |
| How do Plant-like Protists move? | they are free swimming or attached |
| How do Plant-like Protists reproduce? | they reproduce asexually and sexually |
| Name and describe 2 examples of Plant-like Protists. | red Algae- seaweed people eat, known as Nori; Dinoflagellates- glow in the dark |
| How do Fungi-like Protists obtain their food? | they are heterotrophs |
| Fungi-like Protists are unicellular, multicellular or both? | unicellular, but often live in colonies |
| How do Fungi-like Protists move? | they move during some part of the life cycle |
| How do Fungi-like Protists reproduce? | they reproduce asexually |
| Name and describe 2 examples of Fungi-like Protists. | slime molds- brightly colored, grow in garden beds; water molds- attack plants, such as crops |
| Fungi are... | Eukaryotic cells with cell walls |
| Fungi are heterotrophs- How do they feed? | they feed by absorbing food through the cell wall |
| What is Hyphae? | it is thread-like tubes that allow fungi to spread |
| Some fungi are... | decomposers and some are parasites |
| How do fruiting bodies, like the mushrooms we eat, reproduce? | they release spores that are carried to a new location and grow into new fungal colonies |
| How do fungi reproduce sexually? | through hyphae |
| What are some benefits to fungi? | nutritious foods, medicines, dyes and perfumes, baking bread and beverages |
| What are some harmful affects of fungi? | they can cause rashes and disease infections |
Created by:
carlsond
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