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Genetics 2
liv/env
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Complimentary | is a property (something that it can do) of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. |
| Punctuation | is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record the population will become stable |
| Protein Synthesis | is a process of creating protein molecules. In biological systems, it involves amino acid synthesis, transcription, and translation. |
| Transcription | The process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA |
| Translation | is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. |
| Codon | is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis |
| Anti- codon | A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation phase of protein synthesis. |
| Splice | The process by which introns are removed from hnRNA to produce mature messenger RNA that contains only exons |
| Exons | is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. |
| Polypeptide | Are chains of amino acids. proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide molecules. |
| Restrictive Enzyme | is a protein produced by bacteria that cleaves DNA at specific sites along the molecule. |
| Karyotyping | is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell. |
| Transduction | is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. |
| Cloning | is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. |
| Genetic Engineering | The science of altering and cloning genes to produce a new trait in an organism or to make a biological substance, such as a protein or hormone. |
| Gene Mutation | is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. |
| Chromosomal Mutation | A mutation involving a long segment of DNA. These mutations can involve deletions, insertions, or inversions of sections of DNA |
| Pedigree Chart | An ancestral line or chart depicting the lineage or descent of an individual. |
| Amniocentesis | is a procedure used to diagnose fetal defects in the early second trimester of pregnancy.which is a sample of the amniotic fluid, which surrounds a fetus in the womb, |
| Recombinant DNA | is a cell or organism whose genetic complement results from recombination. |
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kwilliams5