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Biology Final
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Abdomen | Rearmost portion of an insect's body |
Allele | Any of the different forms of a particular gene |
Alveolus | One of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs in which gas exchange takes place |
Amoeba | Sarcodine that uses pseudopods for locomotion and for ingesting food particles |
Anuran | Frog or toad |
Arachnid | Arthropod with two main body regions and eight legs |
Arctic Tundra | Treeless northern biome that has long, harsh winters and permafrost |
Base Pairing | Process in which only on type of base will fit another to form a base pair |
Bony Fish | Fish whose skeleton is made either partially or wholly of bone |
Cartilaginous Fish | Fish whose skeleton is made of cartilage rather than bone |
Caudal Fin | Tail fin of fish |
Central Nervous System | Portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord |
Chalaza | Dense, twisted cord that supports the yolk of a bird egg and keeps the yolk upright |
Codominance | Form of inheritance in which two alleles for a trait are equally expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual |
Codon | Consecutive sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that translates into a specific amino acid |
Coelenterate | Aquatic invertebrate that has a saclike body, a central digestive cavity with a single opening, and tentacles containing cnidocytes |
Complete Metamorphis | Process in which an insect metamorphis from a larva into a pupa and then into an adult |
Cornea | Transparent structure that replaces the sclera at the front of the eye |
Cytoplasm | Jellylike fluid medium of the cell, containing organelles and numerous dissolved chemicals |
Charles Darwin | British naturalist who wrote The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man and popularized evolution |
Differentiation | Process in which unspecialized cells become specialized |
DNA | Chemical found in the nucleus, that stores the genetic information needed for cellular function; Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
Double Helix | Double-spiral structure |
Echinoderm | Spiny-skinned invertebrate with a water vascular system |
Epidermis | Outer layer that provides covering and protection to plant structures |
Excretory System | Body system that excretes waste material from the body |
Femur | Thigh bone |
Fermentation | Process used by microorganisms to break down cellulose |
Genotype | Actual combination of alleles inherited for a particular trait |
Genus | Level of classification between family and species |
Geological Column | Simple-to-complex sequence of fossils used by evolutionists to present the fossil record as a straight forward evolutionary process |
Gill | Special organ that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and the blood of a fish or other aquatic animal |
Gizzard | Muscular rear portion of a bird's stomach that has horny plates to grind food |
Haploid | Containing only half the normal number of chromosomes for a particular organism |
William Harvey | English physiologist known for his study of blood circulation |
Head | Front portion of an insect's body |
Herbivore | Consumer that feeds on plants |
Hypothesis | Tentative answer to a scientific problem |
Immunity | Condition of resistance to a pathogen in which the pathogen will be destroyed before symptoms of infection develop |
Intron | Noncoding DNA sequence within a gene that is spliced out of the pre mRNA |
Invertebrate | An animal without a backbone |
Large Intestine | Tubelike organ that prepares undigested food for expulsion from the body |
Law of Dominance | Law stating that dominant traits appear in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present |
Law of Segregation | Law stating that alleles for each trait separate randomly during the formation of gametes |
Linkage | Situation in which genes do not obey the law of independent assortment because they are located close to each other on the same chromosome |
Meiosis | A special type of cell division in which a diploid germ cell division in which a diploid germ cell divides into four haploid cells |
Melatonin | Pineal hormone that triggers sleepiness |
Gregor Mendel | 19th century Austrian monk who founded the modern science of genetics |
Mitochondrion | Organelle that serves as the power plant of a cell |
Mollusk | Any of the soft-bodied invertebrates distinguished by a muscular foot, a visceral hump, and a mantle |
Multiple Allele Inheritance | Form of inheritance in which a single gene has more than two possible alleles |
Mutation | Error in an organism's genetic material caused by a small, random change in the DNA |
Nucleus | "Control Center" of a cell, which stores DNA |
Orthoptera | Order of insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis and hold their wings straight back along their body when not in flight |
Osmosis | One-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane |
Pleiotropy | Form of inheritance in which a single gene influences several seemingly unrelated traits |
Polygenic Inheritance | Form of inheritance in which a single trait is controlled by multiple genes |
Pulmonary Vein | Either of two pairs of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart |
Quadriceps Femoris | Group of four muscles in the front of the thigh that straighten the leg at the knee |
Recombination | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material meiosis |
Replication | Process in which a cell makes a copy of its DNA |
Ribosome | Cell structure that performs translation to manufacture proteins based on RNA "blueprints" from the nucleus |
RNA | Nucleic acid that is similar to DNA but contains ribose instead of deoxyribose |
Segmented Worm | Invertebrate with a cylindrical body divided into many consecutive ringlike segments; Annelid |
Snake | Legless reptile with a long, cylindrical body covered with dry scales |
Stamen | Pollen-producing organ within a flower |
Swim Bladder | Hollow, gas filled chamber that allows a fish to adjust its buoyancy |
Thorax | Middle portion of an insect's body |
Transcription | Process in which a cell makes an mRNA copy of a particular gene |
Virus | Pathogen that is a molecule of a genetic material enclosed in a geometric protein capsid |
Xylem | Plant vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the leaves |
What are the four types of bases that can make up the rungs of a DNA molecule? | Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine |
What is the base that is only in RNA? | Uracil |