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Biology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abdomen | Rearmost portion of an insect's body |
| Allele | Any of the different forms of a particular gene |
| Alveolus | One of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs in which gas exchange takes place |
| Amoeba | Sarcodine that uses pseudopods for locomotion and for ingesting food particles |
| Anuran | Frog or toad |
| Arachnid | Arthropod with two main body regions and eight legs |
| Arctic Tundra | Treeless northern biome that has long, harsh winters and permafrost |
| Base Pairing | Process in which only on type of base will fit another to form a base pair |
| Bony Fish | Fish whose skeleton is made either partially or wholly of bone |
| Cartilaginous Fish | Fish whose skeleton is made of cartilage rather than bone |
| Caudal Fin | Tail fin of fish |
| Central Nervous System | Portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord |
| Chalaza | Dense, twisted cord that supports the yolk of a bird egg and keeps the yolk upright |
| Codominance | Form of inheritance in which two alleles for a trait are equally expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual |
| Codon | Consecutive sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that translates into a specific amino acid |
| Coelenterate | Aquatic invertebrate that has a saclike body, a central digestive cavity with a single opening, and tentacles containing cnidocytes |
| Complete Metamorphis | Process in which an insect metamorphis from a larva into a pupa and then into an adult |
| Cornea | Transparent structure that replaces the sclera at the front of the eye |
| Cytoplasm | Jellylike fluid medium of the cell, containing organelles and numerous dissolved chemicals |
| Charles Darwin | British naturalist who wrote The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man and popularized evolution |
| Differentiation | Process in which unspecialized cells become specialized |
| DNA | Chemical found in the nucleus, that stores the genetic information needed for cellular function; Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| Double Helix | Double-spiral structure |
| Echinoderm | Spiny-skinned invertebrate with a water vascular system |
| Epidermis | Outer layer that provides covering and protection to plant structures |
| Excretory System | Body system that excretes waste material from the body |
| Femur | Thigh bone |
| Fermentation | Process used by microorganisms to break down cellulose |
| Genotype | Actual combination of alleles inherited for a particular trait |
| Genus | Level of classification between family and species |
| Geological Column | Simple-to-complex sequence of fossils used by evolutionists to present the fossil record as a straight forward evolutionary process |
| Gill | Special organ that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and the blood of a fish or other aquatic animal |
| Gizzard | Muscular rear portion of a bird's stomach that has horny plates to grind food |
| Haploid | Containing only half the normal number of chromosomes for a particular organism |
| William Harvey | English physiologist known for his study of blood circulation |
| Head | Front portion of an insect's body |
| Herbivore | Consumer that feeds on plants |
| Hypothesis | Tentative answer to a scientific problem |
| Immunity | Condition of resistance to a pathogen in which the pathogen will be destroyed before symptoms of infection develop |
| Intron | Noncoding DNA sequence within a gene that is spliced out of the pre mRNA |
| Invertebrate | An animal without a backbone |
| Large Intestine | Tubelike organ that prepares undigested food for expulsion from the body |
| Law of Dominance | Law stating that dominant traits appear in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present |
| Law of Segregation | Law stating that alleles for each trait separate randomly during the formation of gametes |
| Linkage | Situation in which genes do not obey the law of independent assortment because they are located close to each other on the same chromosome |
| Meiosis | A special type of cell division in which a diploid germ cell division in which a diploid germ cell divides into four haploid cells |
| Melatonin | Pineal hormone that triggers sleepiness |
| Gregor Mendel | 19th century Austrian monk who founded the modern science of genetics |
| Mitochondrion | Organelle that serves as the power plant of a cell |
| Mollusk | Any of the soft-bodied invertebrates distinguished by a muscular foot, a visceral hump, and a mantle |
| Multiple Allele Inheritance | Form of inheritance in which a single gene has more than two possible alleles |
| Mutation | Error in an organism's genetic material caused by a small, random change in the DNA |
| Nucleus | "Control Center" of a cell, which stores DNA |
| Orthoptera | Order of insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis and hold their wings straight back along their body when not in flight |
| Osmosis | One-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane |
| Pleiotropy | Form of inheritance in which a single gene influences several seemingly unrelated traits |
| Polygenic Inheritance | Form of inheritance in which a single trait is controlled by multiple genes |
| Pulmonary Vein | Either of two pairs of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart |
| Quadriceps Femoris | Group of four muscles in the front of the thigh that straighten the leg at the knee |
| Recombination | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material meiosis |
| Replication | Process in which a cell makes a copy of its DNA |
| Ribosome | Cell structure that performs translation to manufacture proteins based on RNA "blueprints" from the nucleus |
| RNA | Nucleic acid that is similar to DNA but contains ribose instead of deoxyribose |
| Segmented Worm | Invertebrate with a cylindrical body divided into many consecutive ringlike segments; Annelid |
| Snake | Legless reptile with a long, cylindrical body covered with dry scales |
| Stamen | Pollen-producing organ within a flower |
| Swim Bladder | Hollow, gas filled chamber that allows a fish to adjust its buoyancy |
| Thorax | Middle portion of an insect's body |
| Transcription | Process in which a cell makes an mRNA copy of a particular gene |
| Virus | Pathogen that is a molecule of a genetic material enclosed in a geometric protein capsid |
| Xylem | Plant vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the leaves |
| What are the four types of bases that can make up the rungs of a DNA molecule? | Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine |
| What is the base that is only in RNA? | Uracil |
Created by:
Muddee