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Biology unit exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biological Diversity | The different kinds of life on earth |
| Variations | Differences among organisms |
| species | look similar, can mate and produce fertile offspring |
| speciation | the creation of two distinct species from a common ancestor |
| structural adaptation | a feature on or in the organisms body that helps it better survive |
| behavioral adaptation | the way an organisms acts that helps it better survive |
| diversity index | measure of how diverse an area is |
| sexual dimorphism | differences in shape and looks between the sexes within a species |
| competition | when different organisms go after the same food sources or resources |
| niche | the role an organism plays in its environment |
| broad niche | generalists. Can survive in a wide range of niches |
| narrow niche | specialist. Can only survive in small niches |
| specialist | organisms with a narrow niche |
| generalist | organisms with a broad niche |
| symbiotic | two organisms in close relationship to each other |
| mutualism | a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit |
| commensalism | a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| parasitism | a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
| heritable | traits that can be passed from parent to offspring |
| asexual reproduction | creation of offspring with only one parent. Clones |
| binary fission | creation of two cells from one cell dividing |
| spores | packaging DNA and sending away on wind or rain |
| budding | offspring grow off the parent and detaches when formed |
| meristem/cutting | a section of plant is cut off and replanted to regrow |
| sexual reproduction | creation of offspring with two parents |
| bacterial conjugation | how bacteria create genetic variation |
| zygote | the small ball of cells created immediately after fertilization |
| stamen | male flower parts (filament and anther) |
| pistil | female flower parts (stigma, style, ovary) |
| gymnosperm | "naked seed". No fruits. ex- pine cones |
| angiosperm | covered seeds. Fruits. ex- apples |
| embryo | a small developing offspring |
| internal fertilization | when fertilization happens in the female body |
| external fertilization | when fertilization happens outside the female body |
| genetics | field of biology that studies heritable traits |
| continuous variation | traits that have a large range of possibilities ex-height, weight |
| discrete variation | traits that have a small range of possibilities ex-tongue rolling, blood type |
| dominant trait | the allele that will appear in a "tug of war" of genes |
| recessive trait | the allele that will be masked in a "tug of war" of genes |
| allele | different versions of a gene. ex- blue eyes, or green eyes |
| nature vs nurture | what you are born with vs what you are raised as |
| mutations | changed to the DNA sequence |
| DNA | repeating bases of AT&GC that code for life |
| chromosomes | tightly coiled packages of DNA |
| gene | small segments of DNA that actually code for specific trait |
| somatic cells | human body cells |
| mitosis | the process of cell division that creates human body cells |
| meiosis | the process of cell division that creates sex cells |
| genetic engineering | changing the DNA of living things in the lab to achieve a desired product |
| gamete | sperm and egg are collectively called this |
| domestic | a tame animal in close relationship with humans |
| artificial selection | humans selecting traits |
| selective breeding | humans mating animals or plants together to quickly achieve a desired trait or look |
| natural selection | "survival of the fittest" those best adapted to the environment will pass on their genes |
| extinction | this organism is gone from earth |
| extirpated | this organism is gone from a specific area where it once lived |
| seed banks | large collection of plant genetic material to save for future use |
| global treaties | countries working together to help endangered or extirpated organisms |
| genotype | what alleles are in a person's genes |
| phenotype | what alleles physically appear on a person |
Created by:
carly.riddle
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