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Session 2 Microbio2b
Microbio -2b- bacterial biochemical processes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electrons ultimately are transferred to what? | Terminal electron acceptor |
| what are the three metabolic pathways | glycolysis, petose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle |
| what is end product of glcolysis | 2 pyruvate along with 2 atp and 2 nadh |
| The atp generated in glycolysis is formed via what type of synthesis | Substrate level phosphorylation |
| What is the transition step between glycolysis and TCA | changes pyruvate to acetyl coa and makes 2 nadh |
| What is produced in TCA | 2 atp, 6 nadh 2 fadh2, which then goes on to electron transport chain. |
| What type of phosphorylation takes place in electron transport chain | oxidative phoshporylation |
| What two mechanisms are used to make ATP via oxidative phosphorylation | electron transport and atp synthase |
| What is an obligate fermenter | bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria that ferment even in presence of oxygen |
| How do fermenters obtain energy | only through glycolysis substrate level phosphorylation |
| What are end products of fermentation | lactic acid, ethanol, butyric acid, propionic acid, |
| two major bacterial categories based on carbon source | heterotrophs- organic carbon sugars Autotrophs-fix carbon dioxide |
| Major categories of bacteria based on energy source | Phototrophs and chemotrophs |
| What is a photoautotroph | use energy from sun to fix carbon dioxide they aer PRIMARY PRODUCERS |
| What is a chemolithoautotroph | In deep sea vents use sulfur hotsprings as energy to fix carbon |
| What is Chemoorganoheterotrophs | use carbon from primary producers as energy source. Most common associated with animals and humans |
| Why is Pseudomonas so terrible | can use alot of different organic sources (80) which means it can infect plastics and hospital equipment |
| What is the optimum ph for bacterial growht | 5-8 optimum is 7 |
| What is the term for a bacteria species that can tolerate high salt concentration and name an example | halophile such as staphylococci |
| What is a psychrophile | grows in cold -5 to 15 C |
| What is a mesophile | grow from 25-45C pathogens fall in mesophiles at they grow at 37C ie body temperatures |
| What is a thermophile | grow 45 to 70C hotsprings, compost, water heaters |
| What is an extreme thermophile | grows 70 to 110C usually archaea deep sea vents |
| How can thermophiles survive at higher temps | have proteins that don't denature at high temps fold with many covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds |
| what is Psychrotroph | special mesophile that can grow at lower temp 20-30C cause food spoilage |
| Why does leprosy only effect extremities | because it grows at temp 2 degrees below body temp |
| What are the four phases of bacterial growth curve | lag, exponential(log), stationary phase, death phase |
| Why is there a lag phase in growth curve | bacteria are adjusting to new environment and getting geared up to replicate |
| What characterizes the log phase | cells divide at a constant rate which can be measured this is where most antibiotics have effect since they screw up actively dividing cells |
| What is stationary phase | Phase where growth equals death bacteria begin to exhaust nutrients |
| What is the death phase | cell numbers start to decrease rate is exponential but not as fast as log phase |
Created by:
smaxsmith
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