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Microbiologists
history of micro
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Lucretius | Disease caused by invisible living creatures |
Aristotle | spontaneous generation; organisms arise de novo from nonliving sources |
Galen | imbalance between four humors (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm) caused disease |
Girolamo fracastaro | invisible organisms "germs" caused syphilis |
Leeuwenhoek | Father of microbiology drew and described bacteria and protozoa |
Robert hooke | micrographia drawing |
Lazzaro Spallazani | Air may carry germs ; described binary fission |
Anton Lavoisier | air contains oxygen |
Louis Pasteur | final refute; worked with anthrax |
Ignaz Semmelweis | hand washing prevents puerperal fever; used chlorine as antiseptic |
Joseph Lister | sterilization of instruments with heat; phenol as antiseptic |
Robert Koch | spore like bodies in Bacillus anthracis developed postulates and methods for growing pure cultures |
Hesse sisters | used agar to solidify media |
Richard petri | developed container to hold media |
John Tyndall | dust carries microbes; heat resistant life forms exist |
Ferdinand Cohn | heat resistant bacteria "endospores" |
Hans Christian Gram | developed staining method for bacteria |
Sergei Winogradsky | lithotrophy |
Martinius Beijerinck | enrichment cultures; nitrogen fixation |
Koning | role of fungi in decomp |
McCrady | fecal coliform test for water quality analysis |
Ruth Patrick | diatoms ---found that diatoms reflect levels of enviornmental stress within aqautic enviornment |
Ronald Atlas | modern methods of micro ecology DEEP WATER HORIZON SPILL |
Rita Colwell | Vibrios; marine micro; "Viable but nonculturable bacteria" |
Lynn Marguelis | parasitic bacteria gave rise to mitochodria and chloroplast in eukaryotes |
Thomas Brock | discovered archaeons |
Norm Pace | sequences thermophiles |
Carl Woese | desrcribed archaeons; used 16S rRNA -"domains" |
J. Craig Venter | first to sequence bacterial genomes (H. influenzae) |
Claire frasier | bacterial genomes with Venter |
Karen Nelson | Lateral gene transfer from archaeons to bacteria; sequences Thermotogo maritima |
Hamilton smith | Restricted enzymes & found type 2 endonucleuses |
Zhang | CRISPR |
F. Griffith | described transformation |
Sforza & Hayes | Hfr |
ian wilmut | cloned dolly |
Fred sanger | gene sequencing method |
Allwine | northern blot |