Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PHARM 1 EXAM
PHARM Exam 1; from notes - Alison Miles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pharmacology | study of meds and it's action on the body |
| schedule I; Highest Potential | NO therapeutic use (marijuana, cocaine, heroin) |
| schedule II; High Potential | SOME use (morphine, demoral) |
| schedule III; Moderate | Rx needed (codeine, vicoden) |
| schedule IV; Lower | Therapeutic with RX (valium) |
| schedule V; Lowest | used without Rx |
| absorption | influenced by route of administration |
| distribution | circulation to plasma and tissue binding sites; site of action; organs of excretion |
| factors affecting distribution | blood flow; plasma protein binding; tissue binding or receptor sites; chemical properties of the drug |
| Metabolism | making drug water soluble or more polar; processing and breaking down of drugs by body enzymes and chemical transformation: liver, intestines |
| elimination | primary organ is kidneys (also frequently site of toxicity) |
| Enterohepatic | circulation (drugs that are concentrated in bile before entering intestines) |
| Volatile drugs | exists as a gas or vapor are eliminated through lungs (general anesthesia) |
| Half-life | time required to attain 50% of steady state; shorter 1/2 life-more frequent dosing; longer 1/2 life-lasts longerrelationship between drug volume in body and clearance |
| tolerance | decreased response to drug, requiring increased dosage to achieve same effect |
| dependence | repeatedly need drug to function normally |
| synergistic interaction | elicited when effects of the combined drugs are greater than the combined responses of individual drugs |
| potentiation | occurs when a drug that has no effect itself enhances the effect of a second drug |
| antagonism | when one drug inhibits the action of another drug |
| infants | more body water and less body fat; renal elimination is reduced; lack gastric enzymes responsible for drug metabolism; drugs passed through breast milk |
| gender | no significant role in drug action |
| placebo effect | "sugar pill"; substitute inactive substance given for purpose of pleasing a patient's desire for drugs |
| vitamin K | decreases effects of anticoagulants (warfarin, coumadin); leafy green veggies have a lot of vitamin K |
| CNS (central nervous system) | brain & spinal cord |
| PNS (peripheral nervous system) | all nerves outside of brain & spinal cord |
| SNS (somatic nervous system) | sensation & voluntary movement |
| ANS (autonomic nervous system) | functions that are essential to survival; include all organs necessary for survival |
| sympathetic | "fight or flight" |
| parasympathetic | "rest or digest" |
| Acetylcholine | cholinergic (similar to "rest & digest") |
| Norepinephrine | adrenergic (similar to "fight or flight") |
| anti-cholinergic agents | BLOCK muscarinic receptors |
| adrenergic agonist drugs | "mimic" activity of sympathetic nervous system; USES: hypovolemic shock, hypotension, asthma, cardiac arrest, allergic reactions, heart block, increased BP, nasal congestion |
| adrenergic antagonist drugs | adrenergic blocking drugs; reacts on smooth muscle; USES: hypertension, BPH |
| anxiety | feeling of apprehension, worry, or uneasiness that may or may not be based on reality |
| types of anxiety | general anxiety, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder |
| anxiolytic drugs | meds necessary when anxiety interferes with daily life; aka: anti-anxiety meds; used to manage anxiety disorders & for short-term treatment of symptoms |
| potentiating | decreasing effects by itself |
| benzodiazepines | NEVER discontinue abruptly |
| sedative | drug that produces a relaxing, calming effect; usually given in daytime |
| hypnotic | drug that induces sleep |
| Barbiturates | act to depress CNS; reduces amt of time in rapid eye (REM) stage; abrupt w/d may cause dreaming, nightmares, or insomnia |
| TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants) | inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine or serotonin at the presynaptic neuron |
| SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) | inhibit CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin |
| MAOIs | a LOT of drug and food interactions (negative); causes extremely high BP |
| amphetamines | act to stimulate the CNS |
| anorexiants | act on appetite center in hypothalamus, use in obesity; high abuse potential |
| analeptics | stimulate CNS (dopram, vivarin) USES: respiratory depression, relieve fatigue |
| phychiatric disorder (aka: neuroleptic drugs) | extreme personality disorganization and loss of contact with reality |
| psychosis symptoms | hallucinations or delusions, disorganized speech, behavior disturbance, social withdrawal, flattened affect, anhedonia |
| typical anti-psychotic agents | act by inhibiting or blocking dopamine release in the brain |
| tardive dyskinesia | rhythmic involuntary movements of tongue, face, mouth, jaw, or extremities (no known treatment of this) |
| lithium | considered for it's use in regulating severe fluctuation of manic phase of bipolar disorder |
| manic | state of restlessness |
| degenerative diseases | medication is unable to cure most |
| cholinesterase inhibitors | used to treat dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease (doesn't cure..just slows progression) DECREASES LEVELS OF ACETYLCHOLINE IN CNS |
| Multiple sclerosis | autoimmune disorder of CNS; antibodies target & slowly destroy tissues in the brain & spinal cord |
| convulsion |
Created by:
txladybug70
Popular Nursing sets