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Genetics 13,14,15

Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Every cell except gametes and reproductive cells are... Somatic cells
What is the first cell of a new organism called? a zygote
What chromosomes determine gender? Sex Chromosomes, specifically the appearance of the Y chromosome.
What are two of the main differences between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis produces somatic cells while Meiosis produces gametes. Mitosis only involves 1 division, Meiosis involves 2.
How does crossing over affect genetic variation? The chromosomes are a mix from mom and dad. One chromosome is not just all mom's DNA and one is not just all dad's.
When all offspring are the same phenotype of the parent, the parent is said to be... True-breeding
How do you set up a test cross? You make two punnent squares for the two possible genotypes the parent can be and cross those genotypes with a homozygous recessive parent.
What is the difference between a gene and an allele? An allele is a type of gene. There can also be multiple alleles for one gene.
What does it mean for a trait to be incompletely dominant? Both the dominant and recessive gene are both expressed as one. For example, if a red flower and a white flower were crossed and they flower color gene was incompletely dominant than the offspring would be pink.
What is an example of multiple alleles for a gene? There are 3 alleles for blood type. A,B, and O(i).
What are barr bodies? The inactive X chromosome condensed inside the nuclear envelope.
When offspring are produced with different combinations of traits from that of either partent this is called... Genetic Recombination
Down's Syndrome, expressed when there is an extra chromosome 21, is also known as... Trisomy 21
If a sex-linked trait is recessive why will males usually express it while most females won't? Because males don't have another X chromosome to possibly cover up the defective X chromosome. Females have that other chromosome that can be dominant and cover up the trait. This means the female is a carrier.
How is it that some traits are inherited together? They are located on the same chromosome. However, the farther away they're located the more chance they have of being seperated in crossing over.
Created by: nicole52806
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