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Genetics
vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | genetics is the study of hereditary patterns and variation of an organisms. |
| Heredity; | hereditary is a biological process where a parent passes certain genes onto their children or offspring. |
| Alleles; | alternative form of a gene. |
| Trait; | trait is a feature of an organism |
| Dominant | allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organisms genotype. |
| Recessive; | allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in a organism´s genotype. |
| Genotype | collection of all of an organisms genetic information that codes for traits.(genetic make up) |
| Phenotype | physical appereance of an organism. |
| Homozygous; | characteristics of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids. |
| Heterozygous | characteristics of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids. |
| Punnett square ; | model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross or mating. |
| Mutation | change in the DNA sequence. |
| Autosome(s); | chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism. |
| Sex chromosome; | chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics. |
| Sex-linked gene; gene | gene that is located on a sex chromosome. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA); | molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA); | nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis. |
| Replication; | process by which DNA is copied. |
| Nitrogenous bases ; | nitrogen -containing molecule that has the same chemical properties as a base ( they make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA). |
| Nucleotide; | monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogen- containing base. |
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