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Anatomy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| muscles of the head and neck | occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus, levator labii superioris, depressor anguli oris. |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet' wrinkles in the skin at the ateral corners of the eye |
| orbicularis oris | pucker the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks. trumpeter's muscle |
| zygomaticus, | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| ______ pairs of masication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover, rotates and abducts the head |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back, responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect. |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contracts during forced expiration |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing, dome shaped muscle, also aids breathing |
| linea alba | the tendinous area of the abdominal wall, consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle |
| upper limb | has 14 parts |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| buttocks | gluteous maximus |
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| chest muscles | pectoral muscle |
| anterior thigh muscle | quadriceps femoris |
| posterior thigh muscle | hamstrings |
| back muscles | latissimus dorsi |
| adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
| excitability | the ability for the muscle to recoil to its original length |
| contractility | ability for the muscle to contract |
| elasticity | the ability for the muscle to recoil to its original length |
| extendibility | the ability or the muscle to extend |
| epimysium | the connective tissue sheath that is directly upon the whole muscle |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| retinaculum | also known as bracelet |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends he fingers |
| quaddriceps femoris | extends the leg |
| sartoris | flexes the thigh |
| sartoris | also known as tailors muscle |
| hamstring muscle | flexes the leg |
| hamstring muscle | posterior to thigh |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | forms calf muscle |
| gastronemius and soleus | they join the calcaneal |
| foot | 20 muscles |
| intrinsic foot muscles | extends, abduct, and adduct the toes |
| muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level. |
| all or none response | at the point that the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | the time during which the muscles rest |
| tetany | the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| atp | produced in the mitochondria |
| atp | is short lived and unstable |
| creatine phosphate | at rest muscles cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high energy molecule |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen to pay back the oxygen debt |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change |
| isometric | the amount of tension increases during contraction |
| isotonic | means equal tension |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles |
| fast twitch fibers | contracts quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contracts quickly |
| origin | the most stationary end of muscle |
| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greats movement |
| belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime over | one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
Created by:
abberry2
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