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Intro to Nursing
chapters 13, 14, 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acutely ill | severe but short lived symptoms that appear suddenly, progress steadily, and go away quickly |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| ethnocentrism | making judgments—usually negative—about another’s culture relative to one’s own. It is tempting to dismiss a cultural tradition or belief because it is not part of one’s own experience |
| mild anxiety effects | Increased alertness, increased ability to focus, improved concentration, expanded capacity for learning |
| moderate anxiety effects | Concentration limited to one thing, increased body movement, rapid speech, subjective awareness of discomfort |
| adjusting to illness | stage 1: disbelief and denial: stage 2: irritability and anger: stage 3: attempting to gain control: stage 5: acceptance and participation: |
| stage 1: disbelief and denial: | Defense mechanism used bc of anxiety + fear |
| stage 2: irritability and anger: | - Emotions related to alteration of functioning caused by illness. - Anger directed at self, family, HCP |
| stage 3: attempting to gain control | - Fears stimulate treatment-seeking behavior to gain control over the illness - Fears can also lead to further denial and avoidance |
| severe anxiety | Scattered thoughts, difficulty with verbal communication, considerable discomfort, purposeless movements |
| panic | Complete disorganization, difficulty differentiating reality from unreality, constant random movements, unable to function without assistance |
| guilt | - Guilt is very common with patients who feel they are to blame for their illness (ex. smoking) - Some cultures view certain illnesses as shameful and people who have them as guilty of some type of transgression |
| anger | common reaction to illness because many times patients have to make unwanted changes upon hearing their diagnosis (food/lifestyle) |
| stage 4: depression and grief | Common mood resulting from altered lifestyle, modification of many activities, diminished sense of well-being, and pain |
| Stage 5: acceptance and participation | - Patient has acknowledged the reality of the illness and is ready to participate in decisions about treatment - many become masters of their condition |
| Internal Influences on illness behavior | Personality structure contributes to how a patient manages illness Personality characteristics to consider include: Dependence/independence – difficult for nurses to balance Coping ability |
| External influences on illness behavior | past experiences: Messages from childhood about illness culture: Changing demographics Health disparities – education, poverty, racism |
| Health disparities | education, poverty, racism |
| health Promotion: | - assist patients to remain healthy, prevent diseases and injuries, detect diseases early, and promote healthier lifestyles. - Require patients’ active participation (can't be performed solely by health care providers) |
| Illness Prevention: | - Assist patients in reducing the impact of risk factors on their health and well-being. - These services require the patient’s active participation |
| Rehabilitation Services | help restore the patient to the fullest possible level of function and independence after injury or illness |
| Disease Management | - deal with chronic diseases - focus on helping patients understand and manage their chronic conditions more effectively |
| Federal Agencies | - focus on the health of all U.S. citizens - promote and conduct health and illness research - provide funding to train health care workers - assist communities in planning health care services |
| primary care services | - where patient first enters healthcare system - examples: doctor's office, community clinic, workplace clinic, etc |
| secondary care services | - involves the management of a condition or illness by a specialist - examples: cardiologist, endocrinologist |
| tertiary care services | - provided to acutely ill patients, to those requiring long-term care, to those needing rehabilitation services, and to terminally ill patients. |
| Sub-acute services | - for patients with an acute illness, injury, or exacerbation of a disease process. - less complex than acute care - does not depend on high-technology monitoring or complex diagnostic procedures. |
| Chief Nursing Officer | - on board of directors - responsible for overseeing all nursing care provided in building - administrative responsibilities |
| Chief Executive Officer (CEO) | - ensure the institution runs smoothly, is cost-effective and carries out policies - addresses health concerns in the community - on board of directors and also reports to it |
| Nursing Role: Educator | - provide info about illnesses - teach about medications, treatments, and rehab. needs - many settings with slightly different roles |
| Nursing Role: Manager | - manage patient care - prioritize patient care activities in a shift - determine staff assignments - achieve excellent patient care at the lowest possible cost |
| Nursing Role: Researcher | - determine if current methods are effective for expected outcomes - possible options for future care - looks at patient outcomes, the nursing process, nursing systems, aspects of patient care, and interventions, in addition to testing theory |
| Nursing Role: Collaborator | - ensure that everyone agrees on the same patient outcomes - requires that nurses understand and appreciate what other health professionals have to offer |
| Nursing Role: Provider of Care | - provide direct, hands on care for patients |
| Nursing Role: Patient Advocate | - stand up for patient's rights and advocating for what is best for them - cut through red tape to ensure patient's understand their care - at times this may require bending the rules to benefit the patient |
| Delivery Models | - primary nursing - team nursing - case management nursing - patient centered care |
| Team Nursing | -democratic work groups with different skill levels (nurses/DR/) - nurse is the team leader and is responsible for all the care given |
| Primary Nursing | - supports concept of a nurse responsible for an individual patient - primary nurses are responsible for assessing their patients, planning their care, and writing the plan of care |
| Case Management Nursing | - nurse oversees patient care and manages delivery of services from all health care disciplines - cuts costs |
| Patient Centered Nursing | - focused on the patient's right to individualized care - nurses must be flexible and work to accomodate patient's needs - prioritizes individual patient's needs over the hospital's needs |
| Medicare | - available to Americans 65 + - covers all regardless of income - 4 plans - designed to be low cost but now is too pricey for some |
| Medicaid | - available to disabled, elderly, low income, and blind Americans - no fees for those that use this plan |
| Magnet Recognition Programs | - program recognizes hospitals with excellence in nursing care - benefits - low turnover - vacancy rates - provide professional and personal growth |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Regulates work environments and protects workers who feel that their workplace is dangerous from retribution |
| Truth About Nursing Campaign | - organization dedicated to changing how people perceive nurses - featured coverage of the Ebola outbreak |
| Spiritual Distress | - express anger at God - question meaning of suffering - view illness as punishment from God |
| Workplace Incivility | - bullying between colleagues and or teachers and students - poor communication skills and unprofessional behavior that impacts patient care and safety |
| Continuous Quality Improvement | - organizations working internally continuously to improve patient outcomes - establish procedures for enhancing patient care - desirable outcomes determined, systems designed, roles assigned to achieve goals |
| Compassion Fatigue | - loss of energy, burnout, disinterest, poor judgement, accident proneness - interfere with ability to maintain a caring attitude |
Created by:
davisobr
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