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voc new genetics
science words to learn
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | study of the herédity patterns and variation of organism. |
| Heredity | the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next |
| Alleles | any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosomes. |
| Trait | characteristic that inherited. |
| Dominant | allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism’s genotype. |
| Recessive | allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism’s genotype. |
| Genotype | collection of all an organism’s genetic information that codes for traits. |
| Phenotype | collection of all of an organism’s physical characteristics. |
| Homozygous | characteristics of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids. |
| Heterozygous | characteristics of having two different alleles that appears at the same locus of sister chromatids. |
| Punnett square | model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross or mating. |
| Mutation | change in the DNA sequence. |
| Autosome(s) | chromosomes that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism. |
| Sex chromosome | chromosomes that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics. |
| Sex-linked | gene that is located on a sex chromosome. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell. |
| Replication | process by which DNA is copied. |
| Nitrogenous bases | confused or stuporous state caused by high levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood. |
| Nucleotide | monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenada. |