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genetics vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Genetics | the study of heredity( from parents to offspring |
Heredity | trait is passed on from one generation to the next |
Alleles | alternative form of a gene |
Trait | characteristic or property |
Dominant | allele is present/ expressed |
Recessive | allele is hidden/ not expressed |
Genotype | genetic makeup |
Phenotype | physical appearance |
Homozygous | same (pure) |
Heterozygous | different |
Punnett square | diagram that shows the results of any cross |
Mutation | sudden change in the structure/ amount of genetic material, which is caused by mutagens |
Autosome(s) | body chromosomes (22 pairs) |
Sex chromosome | chromosomes that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics |
Sex-linked gene | gene that is located on a sex chromosome |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms |
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis |
replication- | process by which DNA is copied |
nitrogenous bases | organic molecule that contains the element nitrogen and acts as a base |
nucleotide | monomer that forms DNA as a phosphate group, a sugar and nitrogen containing base |