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Chapter 6
Anatomy Bio 105
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability to shorten the skeletal muscle with force | Contractility |
| The ability of skeletal muscle to respond with a stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the | Epimysium |
| What's an another connective tissue located outside the epimysium that separates muscles? | Fascia |
| Fasciculi (tons of visible muscle bundles) surrounded by loose connective tissue is called? | Perimysium |
| Each muscle fiber is a | Single cylindrical cell containing many nuclei |
| Each fiber is surrounded by by a connective tissue sheath called | Endomysium |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | Myofibrils |
| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers: | 1. Actin Myofilaments 2. Myosin Myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | Sarcomeres |
| The arrangement of actin and myofilaments give a what type of appearance? | Banded |
| The charge difference across the membrane is called the | Resting Membrane Potential |
| The brief reversal back of a charge is called the | Action Potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| A single motor neuron is called a | Motor Unit |
| An enlarged nerve terminal is the | Presynaptic Terminal |
| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is called the | Synaptic Cleft |
| Muscle fiber between the presynaptic terminal | Postsynaptic Terminal |
| Each preysnaptic terminal contains | Synaptic Vesicles |
| Neurotransmitter | Acetylcholine |
| Enzymes that break down the acetylcholine that is released is called the | Acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin during contractions is called | Sliding Filament Mechanism |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential is called the | Muscle Twitch |
| A muscle fiber that will not respond to stimulus until reached to a certain level is called the | Threshold |
| The phenomenon that only responds when reached to a certain level is the | All-Or-None Response |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of contraction is the | Lag Phase |
| Time of contraction | Contraction Phase |
| The relaxation time for muscles is called the | Relaxation Phase |
| When the muscles remain contracted without relaxation, this is called | Tetany |
| The increase of number of motor units being activated is called | Recruitment |
| ATP | needed for energy for muscle contractions |
| Where is the ATP produced? | Mitochondria |
| ATP degenerates what? | ADP |
| High energy molecules are called | Creatine Phosphate |
| Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic Respiration | with oxygen and more efficient |
| Constant tension in the contracted muscles for a long period of time | Muscle Tone |
| Origin | most stationary end of a muscle |
| Insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Intrinsic Foot Muscles | flex, extend, and abduct |
| Hamstring Muscles | posterior to thigh muscles, flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eybrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | closes eyelids and causes "crow's feet" |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Lavator Labii Superioris | sneering |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning |
| Mastication | chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Sternocleidomastoid | neck muscle and prime mover, rotates and abducts head |
| Orbicularis Oris | puckers lips |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus Anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes arm |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to scapula and clavice, major abducted of the upper limb |
| Triceps Brachii | extends forearm |
| Biceps Brachii | flexes forearm |
| Brachioradalis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Flexor carpi | flexes wrist |
| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor Digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| Quadriceps Femoris | extends legs, anterior the thigh muscle |
| Sartorius | tailors muscle, flexes the thigh |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| Most involved in breathing | 1. External Intercoastals 2. Internal Intercoastals |
| muscle fiber | tendon |
| satorius | thigh |
| rectus abdominis | abdominal muscle |
| rectus femoris | upper thigh |
| quadriceps | lower thigh |
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