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BIO 1101 Final
Diversity and Ecosystem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most diverse of all the phyla in terms of number of species | Arthropods |
| Examples of arthropod | Includes insects, arachnids (e.g. spiders), crustaceans, centipedes, and millipedes |
| Community interactions with arthropods | many pollinators; ectoparasites |
| are a minor phyla in terms of number of species, but if any animal phyla were to survive a nuclear apocalypse, it would be these microscopic guys | Tardigrades (water bears) |
| Can withstand completely drying out for years (at least 30) at a time | Tardigrades (water bears) |
| Can withstand Temperatures between -458 and 300 °F | Tardigrades (water bears) |
| Can withstand Pressures 6 times that found in the deepest ocean trenches | Tardigrades (water bears) |
| Can withstand Ionizing radiation at 100’s of times higher than we can withstand | Tardigrades (water bears) |
| Where have Tardigrades (water bears) been sent | To space |
| Largely primary consumers but sometimes eat and/or are eaten by roundworms | Tardigrades (water bears) |
| Levels at which biodiversity can be defined | from number of different ecosystems, to number of different species, to genetic diversity within species |
| Which is more diverse, plants animals or fungi? | Animals then plants then fungi |
| How many animal phyla are there | Aprrox 35 |
| Challenges faced by being a plant (2) | Living on land and being stationary |
| What problems can living on land and being stationary have for plants? | Lead to gravity and desiccation |
| Why were The first plants were small and low to the ground | All of their water and nutrients are distributed by diffusion |
| Examples of non-vascular plants | mosses hornworts liverworsts |
| Non vascular plants are typically | small and low to the ground |
| The first big diversification event in plants occurred when | plants evolved vessels to transport water/nutrients (vascular plants) |
| Plants evolution of vascular tissue made what possible? | Gave them the ability to grow tall and deeper roots. They no longer had to rely on diffusion |
| Vascular seedless plant examples | ferns horsetails |
| Are vascular plants more or less reliant on nearby water sources than non-vascular plants | Less reliant but still need water to reproduce |
| extremely important evolutionary innovation for plants | Seeds |
| What do seeds carry? | Embryo along with everything the plant needs to help that embryo get it started |
| What helped overcome plants' need for water to reproduce? | Seeds |
| What allowed plants to live in more arid climates? | Seeds |
| Two groups of plants with seeds | gymnosperms and angiosperms |
| Earliest seed plants | Gymnosperms |
| Resproduce via cones | Gymnnosperms |
| Male cones produce | Pollen |
| Female cones produce | eggs |
| A fertilized cone egg produces what | seed |
| Are gymnosperms pollinated by animals? | no |
| Has flowers | Angiosperms |
| Does not have flowers | Gymnosperms |
| Dominant group of plants | Angiosperms |
| Problem for gymnosperms | release billions of pollen grains for each that reach female cones |
| What uses animals to pollinate their flowers? | Angiosperms |
| Benefit of having animals pollinate flowers? | Less pollen being wasted |
| How can plants trick animals into pollinating them? | Make the male species think that it is a female of the same species. Bribe animals to pollinate by offering nectar or some other reqard |
| Common plant pollinators | bees moths hummingbirds butterflies flies |
| How do animals hep the community? | Pollinating and dispersing seeds |
| Examples of fungi | Mushrooms mold yeast |
| The majority of fungi is in the form of what? | Small thread like cells (hyphae). |
| Is the majority of fungal growth above or below the surface? | Below |
| Largest organism in the world | Yellow honey mushroom fingus |
| How does fungus get food? | Decompose dead things |
| Important mutualistic relationship between most land plants and fungi: | mycorrhizae |
| Plants feed the fungi carbohydrates and, in return, the fungi transfer water and minerals like nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil to the plant | mycorrhizae |
| mutualistic relationship between algae or cyanobacteria and fungus | lichens |
| Many fungi are what? | Parasitic |
| The closer to the equater the more or less diverse? | more |
| Tthe closer you move to the poles the more or less diverse it gets? | Less |
| Species richness also means | Number of species |
| What drives differences in biodiversity? | Species richness |
| Constant ow level of disturbance means | There is a mix of colonizers and climax species (succession) |
| Species that are only found in a localized area are said to be | Endemic |
| Why should we care about biodiversity? | There is inherent value in every species Almost all of our medicines have come from compounds made by other species. |
| benefits to humans based on having functioning ecosystems (often need biodiversity to function correctly) | Ecosytem services |
Created by:
Symone_2015
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