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AP Biology Chpt 11

Vocab from Chapter 11 - 16 Words

QuestionAnswer
Signal Transduction Process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted to a specific cellular response in a series of steps.
Local Regulators Messenger Molecules that are secreted by the signaling cell that travel only short distances
Hormones Chemicals used by plants and animals for long-distance signaling
Ligand A molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often to larger ones
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Plasma membrrane receptor that works with the help of the G protein
G Protein A protein that binds to the energy-rich molecule GTP.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Belongs to a major class of plasma membrane receptors characterized by having enzymatic activity
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Type of membrane receptor containing a region that can act as a gate when it changes shape.
Protein Kinase An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein.
Phosphorylation Transfer of phospahte groups from ATP to a protein. (Phosphate to Protein)
Protein Phosphatases Enzymes that can rapidly remove phosphate groups from proteins.
Dephosphorylation Removal of Phosphate groups from proteins. (Phosphate from Protein)
Second Messengers Small, non-protein, water soluble molecules or ions.
Cyclic AMP, cAMP cyclic Adenosine MonoPhosphate
Adenylyl Cyclase Enzyme embedded in the plasma membrane, converts ATP to cAMP in respone to an extracellular signal.
Inositrol Triphosphate, IP3, and Diacylglycerol, DAG Two second messengers produced by cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane.
Scaffolding Proteins Large relay proteins to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached.
G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase First Gap of Interphase, Synthesis of Interphase, and Second Gap of Interphase
Cleavage Process by which cytokenesis occurs.
Origin of Replication Specific place on the chromosome where the DNA of bacterial chromosomes begins to replicate.
Created by: 1374720954
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