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Berm Earth History

15 terms from differentiated activities

QuestionAnswer
fossil trace or remains of a plant or an animal in sedimentary rock
relative age age of an object compared with the ages of other objects
absolute age actual age of an object. the exact age of a fossil or rock layer
evolution theory change of living things over time
extinction the condition of an entire species becoming extinguished or dead
uniformitarianism theory that geologic processes at work in the present were also at work in the past
gastrolith fossilized stone found within the digestive system of a dinosaur or other reptile
coprolite fossilized waste material from an animal
era largest unit of geologic time. The Geologic Column is broken down into 4 of these.
law of superposition principle that a sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above it (when a volcano cuts through the rock layers, it is now the youngest layer)
law of crosscutting relationships principle that a fault or intrusion is always younger than the rock layers it cuts through
half-life time required for half the mass of a radioactive element to decay into its daughter elements
correlation naming two layers of rock as a match, therefore saying that they were laid down at the same time
radioactive decay the radioactive process in which a nucleus undergoes spontaneous transformation into one or more different nuclei and simultaneously emits radiation, loses electrons, or undergoes fission.
geologic column The chart of Earth's History that organizes the eras, period, and epochs.
trace fossil You know that something has been there, but there are no "remains." The best example of this is a dinosaur footprint.
petrification Fossils formed when the actual cells are replaced with minerals. The best example of this is petrified wood.
amber Sticky sap that traps insects and then hardens into rock
disconformity An ocean layer (with fish & marine skeletons) that has been uplifted above the water level.
mummification Preservation of fossils by drying, wrapping, bottling the organs, etc.
varve Layers in the bottom of a lake that tell the story of the climate over the years. (like a core sample)
period an era is broken down into a
Cenozoic the most recent era
Precambrian the oldest era, formation of the Earth
epoch a period is broken down into an
vertebrate animals with a true backbone
gastrolith stones in the digestive tract that help grind the food down
angular unconformity layers of rock that are set at an angle
index fossil a fossil that points to the age of an unknown fossil
Created by: kzehr
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