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Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Population Ecology | - abundance of individuals - dynamics of the population - density, dispersion, demographics |
| Population Density | The number of individuals per unit area or volume |
| Pattern of dispersion | Refers to how individuals are spaced relative to one another |
| Three types of dispersion | 1. Random 2. clumped 3. Uniform |
| Pattern of dispersion: Clumped | - Patchiness in resources - family groups - reduce risk of predation |
| Pattern of Dispersion: Uniform | - aggressive interactions - competition |
| Population Dynamics | - 4 primary factors that influence population size - How do these factors affect the rate at which popultions change? |
| 4 primary factors that influence population size | - births - deaths - immigration - emigration |
| Survivorship curve | a graphic way of representing the data in a life table |
| Life History | - The age at which reproduction begins - How often the organism reproduces - How many offspring are produced during each reproductive cycle |
| K-selection | density-dependent selection, selects for life history traits that are sensitive to population density |
| r- selection | density- independent selection, selects for life history traits that maximize reproduction |
| Factors Influencing Population size | - density dependent - density independent |
| density dependent | density of population alters the effect of an environmental condition |
| density independent | effect of an environmental factor is not affected by the density of a population |
| Density- dependent factors | - competition: interaction in which individuals try to use the same resource |
| Metapopulations | - environments are heterogeneous - not all patches are equal |
| Species range | - potential - actual |
| Species range: potential | - limited by tolerance to abiotic conditions - light - temp - precipitation - soil (geology) - salinity - pressure |
| Species range: actual | - Limited by biotic conditions and abiotic conditions - intraspecific/ intra specific competition - predation - symbiosis |
| climate | - temperature, water, sunlight, and wind - long-term prevailing weather conditions - macroclimate - microclimate |
| What determines climate? | - latitude - tilt of the earth - ocean currents - wind patters - proximity to coast - mountains |
| Biomes | major ecological associations that occupy broad geographic regions of land or water |
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