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BSC105 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ability for muscle to contract | contractility |
| 4 major characteristics of muscle contraction | contractility, excitability, elasticity, and extensibility |
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| anterior thigh muscle | quadriceps femoris |
| posterior thigh muscle | hamstrings |
| back muscles | latissimus dorsi |
| muscles responsible for smiling | zygomaticus |
| muscles responsible for sneering | levator labil superioris |
| puckers mouth | orbicularis oris |
| Thin myofilaments. resemble pearls | Actin Myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments. resembles golf clubs | Myosin myofilaments |
| chewing | mastication |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover. rotates and abducts the head | Sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back. responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect | erector spinae |
| extends the forearm. occupies the posterior compartment of the arm | triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm. occupies the anterior compartment of the arm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| buttocks | gluteus maxiumus |
| extends the leg; anterior thigh muscle | Quadriceps femoris |
| tailors muscle, flexes the thigh | sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscles: flexes the leg and extends the thigh | hamstring muscles |
| myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin myofilaments and myosin myoflaments |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to the skeletal muscle fibers. | Motor neurons |
| a single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| the enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| the brief reversal back of the charge | action potential |
| each branch that connects to the muscle | synapse or neuromusclular junction |
| transmitter | acetylcholine |
| the sliding of actin past myosin filaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | muscle twitch |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly. well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism | fast twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reacher a level | threshold |
| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of contract | lag phase |
| the time of contraction | contraction phase |
| the time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where the muscles remains contracted without leaving | tetany |
| the increase in number of motor until being activated | recruitment |
| Adenosine triphosphate- produced in the mitochondria | ATP |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic oxygen |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate | oxygen debt |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cell | Muscle fatigue |
| (equal distance) the length of the muscle does not change | Isometric |
| (equal tension) the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction | isotonic |
| muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | Muscle tone |
| the most stationary end of the muscle | origin (head) |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| the portion of the muscles between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons | Retinaculum |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| accomplishes quiet breathing. dome shaped | diaphragm |
| attaches the humerus to scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limbs | deltoid |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | Latissimus dorsi |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| form the calf muscle. they join to form the calcaneal tendon | gastrocnemius and soleus |
| change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| on each side of the linea alba is the | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well muscled person to appear segment | Tendinous inscriptions |
| consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle | Linea Alba |
| among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | Prime mover |
| ADP | (adenosine Diphosphate) plus phosphate |
| this enzymatic breakdown ensures that one action potential in the neuron yields only one action potetial in the skeletal muscle | Acetycholinesterase |
| another connective tissue located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells | fibers |
Created by:
jenniferparsons13
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