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Unit 3
MU BIO 5th/6th
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the ability of the skeletal muscle to shorten with force? | Contractility |
| What is the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus? | Excitability |
| What is the ability to be stretched? | Extensibility |
| What is the ability to recoil to their original resting length after the have been stretched? | Elasticity |
| What are the four major functional characteristics of muscles? | Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity |
| A connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscles? | Epimysium |
| A connective tissue located outside the epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscle. | Fascia |
| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called... | Fasciculi (Fascicle) |
| Fasciculi are surrounded by loose connective tissue called... | Perimysium |
| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called... | Fibers |
| Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the... | Endomysium |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with... | Myofibrils |
| Thin myofilaments. They resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together. | Actin Myofilaments |
| Thick myofilaments. They resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. | Myosin Myofilament |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called... | Sarcomeres |
| The basic structural and functional unit of the muscle. | Sacromere |
| Z line is an attachment site for... | Actin |
| What kind of appearance is the arrangement of actin and myosin? | Banded |
| The charge difference across the membrane is called... | Resting Membrane Potential |
| The brief reversal back of the charge is called... | Action Potential |
| What are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers? | Motor Neurons |
| Each branch that connects to a muscle forms what? | Neuromuscular Junction or Synapse |
| What is a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates? | Motor Unit |
| The enlarged nerve terminal is the... | Presynaptic Terminal |
| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the... | Synaptic Cleft |
| The muscle fiber between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the... | Postsynaptic Terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains (blank) that secretes a neurotransmitter called (blank). | Synaptic Vesicles, Acetylcholine |
| The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine is.... | Acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called the... | Sliding Filament Mechanism |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers is called... | Muscle Twitch |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called the... | Threshold |
| The phenomenon of the threshold when the muscle fibers contract maximally is called the... | All-Or-None Response |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the... | Lag Phase |
| The time of contraction is the... | Contraction Phase |
| The time when muscles relax is the... | Relaxation Phase |
| This is where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | Tetany |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called... | Recruitment |
| What bands are actin? | I and Z |
| Which bands are myosin? | A, H, and M |
| Raise the eyebrows. | Occipitofrontalis |
| Closes the eyelids and causes "crow feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye. | Orbicularis Oculi |
| Puckers the lips. | Orbicularis Oris |
| Flattens the cheeks. | Buccinator |
| Smiling muscles. | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering. | Levator Labii Superioris |
| Frowning. | Depressor Anguli Oris |
| Chewing. | Mastication |
| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head. | Sternocleidomastoid |
| How many pairs of mastication muscles. | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter. |
| Change the shape of the tongue. | Intrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| Move the tongue. | Extrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head. | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect. | Erector Spinae |
| Muscles that move the thorax. | Thoracic Muscles |
| Elevate the ribs during inspiration. | External Intercostals |
| Contract during forced expiration. | Internal Intercostals |
| Accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing. | Diaphragm |
| Rotates scapula. | Trapezius |
| Pulls scapula anteriorly. | Serratus Anterior |
| Adducts and flexes the arm. | Pectoralis Major |
| Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. "Swimmer muscles". | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and the clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. | Deltoid |
| Extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm. | Triceps Brachii |
| Flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. | Biceps Brachii |
| Flexes forearm. | Brachialis |
| Flexes and supinates the forearm. | Brachioradialis |
| Flexes the wrist. | Flexor Carpi |
| Extends the wrist. | Extensor Carpi |
| Flexes the finger. | Flexor Digitorum |
| Extends the fingers. | Extensor Digitorum |
| Without oxygen. | Anaerobic Respiration |
| With oxygen, | Aerobic Respiration |
| Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle Fatigue |
| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. | Oxygen Debt |
| Equal distance. | Isometric |
| Equal tension. | Isotonic |
| The most stationary end of the muscle. | Origin |
| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | Insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. | Belly |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another. | Antagonists |
| Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement. | Prime Mover |
Created by:
HunterDonahoe
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