Question 1

Th1 - INF-γ, IL-12​
Th2- IL-4, IL-10​

Accepted Answer

Cytokines are both in the innate and adaptive systems. They are crucial to in leukocyte development via...

Question 2

leukocyte migration

Accepted Answer

Chemokines stimulate what?

Question 3

Bind Ig motifs and extracellular matrix​.
Strengthen contact between leukocytes and other cells.​

Accepted Answer

Adhesion Molecules: INTEGRINS function to do what jobs?

Question 4

Aid newly differentiated lymphocytes to migrate to lymph nodes.​
Initial binding steps lead to diapedesis (crossing blood vessel).​
Limited to their distribution in the body.

Accepted Answer

Adhesion Molecules: SELECTINS and ADDRESSINS function to do what jobs?

Question 5

Selectin - L-selectin ​

Accepted Answer

An example of a selectin is?

Question 6

Addressin - GlyCAM-1​

Accepted Answer

An example of an addressin is?

Question 7

Six (6) polypeptides associated with the TCR​.
Transduces transmembrane signaling when TCR engaged.​
Signaling cascade initiates T-cell responses.

Accepted Answer

Cluster of Differentiation of Molecules: CD3 roles include...

Question 8

Single chain Ig supergene family.​ Expressed on 2/3 of mature T cells.​ CD4 recognize the nonpeptide binding domains of MHC II.​

Accepted Answer

Cluster of Differentiation of Molecules: CD4 roles include...

Question 9

CD4

Accepted Answer

Cells expressing ___ are known as T-helper cells (Th) cells.

Question 10

CD4 & CD8

Accepted Answer

Which molecules are associated with intracellular kinases and synergized with the TCR for T-cell activation?

Question 11

Two chain cell surface molecule​. Homo or heterodimer (αα or αβ)​.
Expressed by about 1/3 of mature T cells.

Accepted Answer

CD8 is a...

Question 12

CD8 recognizes and attaches at the nonpeptide binding portion of MHC I bc it is a coreceptor. 
CD8+ T cells only recognized pMHC I.​

Accepted Answer

CD8 recognizes what?

Question 13

Known as cytotoxic T (Tc) and suppressor T (Ts) cells​.

Accepted Answer

CD8 molecules are known as what?

Question 14

IL-4 : the driving force of allergic responses

Accepted Answer

This cytokine is important in differentiation of Th2 responses.

Question 15

diapedesis, rolling motion through blood vessel, and tighter binding to other cells

Accepted Answer

Selectins and Addressins play a role in?

Question 16

Increase in expression

Accepted Answer

During an inflammatory response, you would expect adhesion molecules such as integrins, selectins, and addressins to?

Question 17

Membrane bound​.
Associated with CD3 to initiate signaling.​

Accepted Answer

T-cell receptors are:

Question 18

CAN NOT bind soluble eptiopes

Accepted Answer

T-cell receptors CAN NOT do this.

Question 19

Recognize epitopes when presented in MHC molecules (peptide-MHC, pMHC).

Accepted Answer

T-cell receptors can recognize epitopes when presented in what molecules?

Question 20

a variable and constant region domain.

Accepted Answer

Each TCR polypeptide chain contains what 2 structural components?

Question 21

Variable domains

Accepted Answer

In T-cell receptors, these domains together with the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) interact with pMHC.

Question 22

Intracellular antigens.

Accepted Answer

CD8+ T-cells interact with MHC-I and are ___ antigens.

Question 23

Extracellular antigens.

Accepted Answer

CD4+ T-cells interact with MHC-II and are ___ antigens.

Question 24

MHC I or II

Accepted Answer

A TCR requires this molecule to sense peptide epitopes.

Question 25

Epitope

Accepted Answer

T-cell receptors are ___ specific like immunoglobulins?

Question 26

T-cell

Accepted Answer

Heterodimers​ are αβ​ and γδ​, which are only expressed on one type of cell. Which cell is it?

Question 27

1 variable and 1 constant

Accepted Answer

Each polypeptide of a T-cell receptor has __ variable region and __ constant region.

Question 28

Deletions, Inversions, and Junctional diversity.

Accepted Answer

DNA rearrangement of TCRs include/TCR diversity: (3)

Question 29

deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)

Accepted Answer

What enzyme does the addition and removal of nucleotides by deoxynucleotides?

Question 30

14 and 7

Accepted Answer

T-cell receptor gene clusters are found on which 2 chromosomes?

Question 31

Light chains α and γ.
Heavy chain β and  ​δ.​

Accepted Answer

T-cell diversity includes:

Question 32

3 million

Accepted Answer

How many αβ variable region possible recombinations are there?

Question 33

600

Accepted Answer

How many γδ variable region possible recombinations are there?

Question 34

random rearrangement of V(D)J genes through deletion and inversion

Accepted Answer

What level of T-cell diversity is the FIRST level?

Question 35

Tdt transferase which creates junctional diversity

Accepted Answer

What level of T-cell diversity is the SECOND level?

Question 36

Deletion of intervening mRNA joins V(D)J with C regions. C regions = constant regions

Accepted Answer

During T-cell diversity, deletion does this.

Question 37

Unique specificity

Accepted Answer

T-cells randomly generate TCRs with this special feature.

Question 38

NO isotype switching. NO somatic hypermutation.

Accepted Answer

T-cells DO NOT undergo subsequent changes like immunoglobulin genes. They don't do the following:

Question 39

TdT transferase

Accepted Answer

This enzyme is responsible for junctional diversity.

Question 40

FIRST level

Accepted Answer

What level of T-cell diversity do recombination activating genes (Rag-1 or Rag-2 recombinases) occur?

Question 41

TdT transferase.

Accepted Answer

This enzyme(s) is important for junctional diversity by adding or subtracting nucleotides during V(D)J recombination.

Micro Exam 3

Adaptive Immune System April 15th

Definition	Term
Th1 - INF-γ, IL-12 Th2- IL-4, IL-10	Cytokines are both in the innate and adaptive systems. They are crucial to in leukocyte development via...
leukocyte migration	Chemokines stimulate what?
Bind Ig motifs and extracellular matrix. Strengthen contact between leukocytes and other cells.	Adhesion Molecules: INTEGRINS function to do what jobs?
Aid newly differentiated lymphocytes to migrate to lymph nodes. Initial binding steps lead to diapedesis (crossing blood vessel). Limited to their distribution in the body.	Adhesion Molecules: SELECTINS and ADDRESSINS function to do what jobs?
Selectin - L-selectin	An example of a selectin is?
Addressin - GlyCAM-1	An example of an addressin is?
Six (6) polypeptides associated with the TCR. Transduces transmembrane signaling when TCR engaged. Signaling cascade initiates T-cell responses.	Cluster of Differentiation of Molecules: CD3 roles include...
Single chain Ig supergene family. Expressed on 2/3 of mature T cells. CD4 recognize the nonpeptide binding domains of MHC II.	Cluster of Differentiation of Molecules: CD4 roles include...
CD4	Cells expressing ___ are known as T-helper cells (Th) cells.
CD4 & CD8	Which molecules are associated with intracellular kinases and synergized with the TCR for T-cell activation?
Two chain cell surface molecule. Homo or heterodimer (αα or αβ). Expressed by about 1/3 of mature T cells.	CD8 is a...
CD8 recognizes and attaches at the nonpeptide binding portion of MHC I bc it is a coreceptor. CD8+ T cells only recognized pMHC I.	CD8 recognizes what?
Known as cytotoxic T (Tc) and suppressor T (Ts) cells.	CD8 molecules are known as what?
IL-4 : the driving force of allergic responses	This cytokine is important in differentiation of Th2 responses.
diapedesis, rolling motion through blood vessel, and tighter binding to other cells	Selectins and Addressins play a role in?
Increase in expression	During an inflammatory response, you would expect adhesion molecules such as integrins, selectins, and addressins to?
Membrane bound. Associated with CD3 to initiate signaling.	T-cell receptors are:
CAN NOT bind soluble eptiopes	T-cell receptors CAN NOT do this.
Recognize epitopes when presented in MHC molecules (peptide-MHC, pMHC).	T-cell receptors can recognize epitopes when presented in what molecules?
a variable and constant region domain.	Each TCR polypeptide chain contains what 2 structural components?
Variable domains	In T-cell receptors, these domains together with the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) interact with pMHC.
Intracellular antigens.	CD8+ T-cells interact with MHC-I and are ___ antigens.
Extracellular antigens.	CD4+ T-cells interact with MHC-II and are ___ antigens.
MHC I or II	A TCR requires this molecule to sense peptide epitopes.
Epitope	T-cell receptors are ___ specific like immunoglobulins?
T-cell	Heterodimers are αβ and γδ, which are only expressed on one type of cell. Which cell is it?
1 variable and 1 constant	Each polypeptide of a T-cell receptor has __ variable region and __ constant region.
Deletions, Inversions, and Junctional diversity.	DNA rearrangement of TCRs include/TCR diversity: (3)
deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)	What enzyme does the addition and removal of nucleotides by deoxynucleotides?
14 and 7	T-cell receptor gene clusters are found on which 2 chromosomes?
Light chains α and γ. Heavy chain β and δ.	T-cell diversity includes:
3 million	How many αβ variable region possible recombinations are there?
600	How many γδ variable region possible recombinations are there?
random rearrangement of V(D)J genes through deletion and inversion	What level of T-cell diversity is the FIRST level?
Tdt transferase which creates junctional diversity	What level of T-cell diversity is the SECOND level?
Deletion of intervening mRNA joins V(D)J with C regions. C regions = constant regions	During T-cell diversity, deletion does this.
Unique specificity	T-cells randomly generate TCRs with this special feature.
NO isotype switching. NO somatic hypermutation.	T-cells DO NOT undergo subsequent changes like immunoglobulin genes. They don't do the following:
TdT transferase	This enzyme is responsible for junctional diversity.
FIRST level	What level of T-cell diversity do recombination activating genes (Rag-1 or Rag-2 recombinases) occur?
TdT transferase.	This enzyme(s) is important for junctional diversity by adding or subtracting nucleotides during V(D)J recombination.

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